The William Easterly seem machine fellow the Manhattan Institute is wound the proudest investments we make each year. A quick overrue of case prolific work. She writes childhood, family issues, poverty, and cultural changes in america, and has authored five very successful books. She has wherein for in the New York Times, the washington post, the wall street journal, the new republic, new york news day, public interests, the wilson quarterly and commentary, among others. She is a highly south after presenter at conferences on television and radio, and she sits on the board of National Affairs and the future of children. She holds degrees from bran dies brandeis and columbia universities i dont know when she has free time but does make out in that she is a doting grandma now. Bear with is as a tell a quick story. Back when he somewhats thinkingmeter previous book, i was in the throes of being on the new york single scene. Says way as so perplexed from the radio science that i was ann checking the obituaries to see if his name popped up. Thankfully his name one there and hasnt shown up and i wish him well. I did find mr. Right and he has moved through the manchild phase of life, and were currently working on expanding our family for a second time. Thank you. But more than other year after i mixed my dating woes, kay asked if she could use the example in her back. Its kays skill to ick up on throwaway instances like any obit wear story, check them and weave them that makes her an influential, successful successd interesting scholar. Able to step back and see trend, negative and positive, that the larger public is taking forland, is too busy to notice or simply doesnt want to acknowledge. Kay knows how to identify a problem in society, anticipate the future implication and make recommendations on how to best address these trends with the interests of families the core. She developed recommendations that reasoned across the aisle, across the sexes, across skin tones and fiscal bracts. Not an easy feat. Perhaps you share my inclination to drift off into a day dream when reading or listening to some that is too technical. You want do that today or anytime you have the pleasure to engage with kays work. That if is another beautiful aspect of her writing. She is seamletly weaves the evidence for policy recommendations into a story that her audience is actually interested in. The new brooklyn examines the recent renaissance of brooklyn through zone reform, crime reduction, and the arrival of college educate americans and whats impact that has on the local populations. She helps the audience understand how the renaissance is not the first of its kind. Brooklyn started as farmland and was gentrified once before. The difference is this time the change is paced on Creative Destruction rather than industrialization, chapters include research on the a blockbyblack split in bed sty where are there bars on one block and night shootings on the leftful work ethnic tv ochinese, the change in manufacturing from goods to ideas, the slow but steady mobility of the jamaican population, the ghetto stigma in East New York and brownsville, the hipster population in williamsberg and theupies. Kaysters the conversations towards policy ask cultural norms that can actually foster upward mobility among the urban poor. Stable family, job access, policing policies and education options, housing and transportation. Its a page turner and im sure you youll be transform across the river. Encourage nip who does have a cop of the book to get one the end of the luncheon, and very favorable review will be published in the february 5th february 5th edition of the New York Times book review. So, as youll learn, anything with the name brooklyn in it is bound to please. And kay will be happy to sign. The. So mess join me in working somebody i greatly admire, kay hymowitz. [applause] well, im speechless. Fortunately i have some notes in front of me. That was much too kind, sarah. Such a pleasure to work if the simon foundation. In addition to being very generous towardded me theyre great fun and i veil i feel very warmly towards the entire crew, including sarah. In 1982 my husband and i bought a house in the park slope neighborhood of brooklyn, when i tell people that these days, new yorker in particular, or wannabe new yorkers, i get this look look in their eyes and looks to me like envy. So, i can understand why. Park slope in 2010, the stack statistics guru, called it one after the best neighbors in new york city. An amazing place to own a home but i have to admit to you that we dont feel that lucky. Luckis the guy down the street who bought two houses. Of course in 1982, when i tell people knew that i was buying a house in brooklyn, they didnt look envious. They look alarmed. Brooklyn was not a place that a jewish girl should aspire to live in. People who could were leaving brooklyn for the subbers and there were many momented wonder what we had been think can, particularly a moment in 1990 when the mother of my younger daughters classmate had a gun fountain her head as she exited the q train after christmas jobbing in manhattan. We took the q train a lot and still do in a lot of respect they would story of how brooklyn came to this decrepit state redem sells what we heard about the failing si stus and towns of Trump Country and rust belt and appalachia, and i dont prepare ibring this us because i cant stop talking about the election. The parallel is real flow. Midded of the 19th to the middle of the 220th brooklyn was a thriving Industrial City. If you oak each of you has a map which unfortunately doesnt show you where the east river is but a you can imagine where it is. If you look, you will see in the to the left of the middle is Prospect Park and just to the left of that is park slope. Which is where i live all these years later. And brooklyn was a thriving Industrial City and if you think of this water front city from sunset park to red hook, going up the coast with me, all the way into the navy yard, williamsberg and green point, this part of brooklyn was really where the story was, because in the days before there were planes and trains, and automobiles, we were of course dependent on boats and brooklyn became a center, even of trade, even before we had the before there were boats or anything like that. It was all ships. The waterfront was crawling with bus bustling piers, warehouses and factories and, tenement neighborhoods characterize it by the eyish, german, italian or jewish residents yet brock lynn wasnt an Industrial Power house, something i had no idea of when i moved there. It hat a multitude of coffee, shoe and textile factories, sugar refine riz, dozens of breweries, and inknowtive and entrepreneurs of the 19th 19th century and 20th 20th century. Brooklyn invented chiclets, the teddy bear, benjamin moore. And 1849 a chemist named haas pfizer opened one they ever Largest Pharmaceutical Companies in world. You probably know and revere charles pfizers company for invents such central products as zoloft and lip aer to and viagra. Lipitor and viagra. Pfizer employed million and neighbors grew to accommodate them but the gulf of history is fixle and brooklyns fortunes sifted shifted in. The factories than i sneyd to Many Americans started to leave, not for china and mexico, as is the case today but for far less crowded and more truckfriendly american suburbs. In 1957, when dodge owner Walter Omalley broke the hard of every brooklynite by taking the baseball team, dem bums that way referred to by locals to los angeles inch retrospect seem to for telethe borrows sorry fate. But the 1960s the waterfront was becoming a sad shell of its former self. In 196 of the navy yard which had world war ii was demissed. By the time i moved to park slope, about a mile away from the navy yard, it was home to a few operating warehouses but mostly acres of empty building, farrell dog ferrell doeses and the 0 occasional body dumbed by a legendary weiss wise guys. Our next dollar neighbors were an elderly irish couple who had taken in boarder as so many did during the depression and in the decades following. They were now being paid by the city of new york to house elderly. Many of them sick and moaning and that was the musical accompaniment of my childrens early years. Hopefully they cant remember it. In fact, brooklyn was actually losing population. Years late their writer hemle, who grew up in working class park slope, would say about this time, you heard i over and over in those days. We got to get out of brooklyn. And you know what . A lot of people did. So the question is had in my mind as i approached this book was, how did the old brooklyn become the new brooklyn . The place that gq magazine called, and i still cant get read this without laughing the coolest city on the planet. How is it when i mad to park slope liquor stored hat bulletproof cages and now have picture windows and free test tasting of their expansive and expensive wine collections. How could be have got ton a point in history as we did in fall of 2015 where the fabled pa rich parissan bon marche celebrated brooklyn. How could the always chic parissans be so interested in buying products made in brooklyn or seeming as though can i be warn oregon eat been abrook line quiet or a parissans idea of a brooklynite. One final question. Why should anyone care what happened to brooklyn . Place isnt even a city. Its a borough, that 2 million of hundred thousand people in stay of 8 million in a country of 330 million. What the big deal. But brooklyn is a microcosm for the vast economic and social changes in our politics and should be mentioned the politics of western europe. Over the past 30 or o years advantagessed economies like that of the United States have been shifting away from manufacturing or to put it crudely, making stuff, towards college, information, or, again to be crude, thinking about stuff. New york city was already becoming the u. S. Capital of that economy by the 1960s, as corporations centralized and moved their headquarters to downtown and midtown. By the end of the 60s, at 59 of the new york City Labor Force was in white collar occupations. This gave new york a competitive advantage over other fading industrial cities. Most of their people who were white collar, they were predominantly men who were work downtown. Took the 5 15 train to knew new rochelle like rob petrie, the fictional husband of laura petrie, played my mary tyler moore. We the fewer of the white color work erred started moving into brownstone brock lynn. They were gentrifying to use a word that only became popular men many decades later. Brooklyn heights, park slope. You can trace those on your map. All lovely 19th century brownstone neighborhoods. That had gone into disrepair. Over the next decades the number of white collar workers increased as did the number and variety of white collar jobs in new york. Government was expanding and so were colleges and universities, and a long with them jobs for lawyers parked mr. Administer administrators and preferes. Technology was opening up jobs, including occupations people never heard of about. The kill kill. Plaguer i may been got the new brooklyn has many thousands of web key signer, App Developers and social media consultants. The ohio house nerving do to me is a perfect illustration of the shift from the older to the new knowledge economy. Its really gentrification in a single brownstone. There was an elderly irish couple living there the house, who like a immigrants who had been here long enough, had a Civil Service job, postal worker. While his wife was in charge of the boarder as meninged before. Fast forward 15 years. The house was sold. Rennovateed and subdivided into condominiums, the first people to move in were people what you would never have met in the old brooklyn. An architect and his wife, furniture designer, and a editor at real simple and her husband, also an editor as at a musk magazine. A wall street trader moved in soon after with his wife, a free lance writer, and their three children. Same block, same house, old brooklyn, new brooklyn. Now, one thing that is sometimes forgotten when people talk about general fry gentrification is that the shift brought about very traumatic changes in domestic life. These changes also helped to reverse brooklyns decline and in fact the decline of many other cities. First, the knowledge of jobs in media, design, law and education, were proving especially appealing to educated women, even after they became mothers. While a lot of young knowledge economy workers are drawn back to the suburbs once they start families and begin to take notice of the local Public Schools performance, others are unwilling to tolerate the hour Long Community that worked for their own fathers who were often the singing breadwinning parent. They want to live where they work and we should add they want their kids to be safe where theyre living, and that the decline in crime occurred in new york and brooklyn in the 90s was really hastened the gentrification that already bun in ways that worked to brooklyns ben and benefit ad all of new york city. The second domestic change that is worth noting is that the knowledge economy as the name suggests, demands higher levels of education from workers, as well as early career train in the form of enterships and associate prognoses. That was leading young men and women to delay marriage parenthood until they were well into their 20s and 30s these of it indicated singles who dont need much living space and dont care about their School Districts test scores graph date ted center city with everything they did care about. Interesting jobs, bars, clubs, art galleries, and a Large Population of suitable romantic partners. Now, as i messenger mentioned earlier, brooklyns story is far bigger than the borough itself. The same knowledge economy and educated young people are reshaping cities and ways of life in most advanced economies, from london to copenhagen, sids any to philadelphia, vancouver to washington, dc, College Educated young singles and professionals are move repurposed old factories and warehouse and glassy highrises with a rooftop Swimming Pool and a gym. Gentrification has launch evidence global esthetic. You can go to almost any western capital and find a gentrified neighborhood and it will have the same kinds of wine stores, farm to table infusion restaurants, music clubs, and, again, art galleries. To be honest at times its for travel a little interchangeable. So, its easy enough to poke fun at some of the news class of urban folks, especially those hipsters, with their endless number of stocks, signifiers, bike lanes, pickles, filament light bulb fixtures, sloppy hat and i engage in that mockery myself. The character misses something important. These educate it newcomer are bringing innovation back to stagnating cities. In brooklyn were seeing this creative dynamism that had largely disappeared from bury rowe bur rowe from. Borough in the pencil factory, are for instance, has been transformed into the headquarters of the crowd sourcing web site, kick starter in brooklyns neighbor yard where carper at thes and built some of thus navies most fear fearsome battle ships, hightech ventures. Look the waterfront i mentioned earlier. Along the east river, and the new york harbor from green point energy to sunset park in the southwest. This is brooklyns sosocalled creative crescent where abandoned and underused warehouses are crammed with homes with offices for 3do printer companies, biotech prolot yankee and digital design companies. By the way, with fantastic views of man that began the harbor. Many of these young Business People are what i call artists entrepreneurs. There are artists who with he help of computers found a way to produce while making a decent living. There are boutique businesses designing, making and selling clothing, jewelry, shoes, soap, and stationery and maps like the one in front of you. There are also aa stunning number of new substances that are centered on food. Im happy to say. Restaurants, beer hads, tea shops, small batch or chocolates can grin nola, pickle, mustard, syrup and takeout dinner to serve as an educated, well traveled population with an adventurous pallet and little tomb little time to cook. That the good news but the transformationor an old to newbreak line, from industrial to knowledge economy and gentrification itself have not been kind to working class and he poor. You would never it from the popular media coverage, almost a quarter of block livers below the poverty line, similar number on foot stamps and 32 have an income low unlv to qualify for medicaid. In the past, an Industrial City like brooklyn do absorb the lower skilled images in a Large Network of manufacturing and portrelated companies. That do appear tend to require skills that are not in that repertoire of people most in need of work. Lowwage service jobs with benefits and unpredictable hours, staff, and janitors, thats the kind of job mostly available now. Immigrants often take these jobs if not happily eagerly. Some 39 is foreignborn, something you could forget if you are reading about the history of berlin. Those from the previous centuries arrived very poor along the avenues from the east river you can find people from pakistan, haiti, trinidad, jamaica to name only a few. The Largest Immigrant Groups in brookland in different neighborhoods that jamaicans in the southeast and the chinese in sunset park to the west. I try to address that question. They are the Largest Immigrant Group in the bureau that would stun the folks that wrote it. In sunset park chinese are looking forwarlooking for her td working in restaurants in the feudal conditions, and i dont exaggerate. I also dont exaggerate when i say the devotion of the entire community towards Children Education is so notable that it was the first word, harvard. Second word those children look on track to leave their parents poverty behind a. In parts of brownsville, the poverty r