Day. She is in the south side of the city. Here is his mother who was born in norfolk and had Four Brothers who joined up to the Confederate Army from norfolk during the civil war. He was the youngest of the children. After the war in northlands, he met a man named Arthur Macarthur who had earned the medal of honor in the battle of chattanooga. They fell in love. When they got married, her three brothers who had served in the army and the cousins found other places to be during the wedding serum many. They were not able to make it. One of the things that people do not realize about them at mark about the macarthur memorial is that we are not all guns and battle. We are really about people and history. I like to show his baby picture. He was born in little rock, arkansas where his family where his father was stationed at the time. You can see the photograph here of his other brothers. Brother, his older arthur who went to annapolis and graduated from the Naval Academy. That is what these pictures show. They give you a sense of his family life. Douglas macarthur came back in 1951, he dedicated the old family estate as a city park. When i come to norfolk, i feel like i have come home. He spent some summers here in his early teens and always regarded norfolk as his spiritual home. The mayor of the time remembered that. In the early 1960s, when macarthur was trying to figure out what to do with his papers and artifacts, duckworth came to him and played on that and said i will build you a memorial, and archive, and a research center. Macarthur said i love it and can i be buried here with my wife . They outbid the smithsonian and the work college and west point. We do not just have his mothers family here that we have some artifacts from his fathers service. Here is a photograph of arthur 24ththur from the wisconsin. At age 18, he earned the medal of honor for leadership under fire. He becomes the exemplary for Douglas Macarthur. In many ways, to understand Douglas Mcarthur and what he strives to become a you have to understand his fathers career. He served in the spanishamerican war and fights in the philippines. Swords fromof his the philippines. It when people look at that, they think it must be douglas in world war ii. About a arthur back quarter of a century before that. Were a long time in the philippines, douglas was known as macarthur the younger to differentiate him from macarthur the elder. Thingsthe other neat that people do not realize that we have is what is in this case right here. From Arthur Macarthur. This was his field desk from the philippines. He was a senior american officer in the philippines. Military governor of the philippines also until he ran afoul of the civilian governor who was appointed over him, William Howard taft. The other thing i would point out is that down here, is Arthur Macarthurs glasses. You see pictures of him in later life and he looks a lot like teddy roosevelt. These are the glasses he is wearing in those pictures. 1898 is when the spanishamerican war started and Arthur Macarthur was on his way to command american troops in the campaign. Of manila. Attle douglas, 18 years old had just graduated from west Texas Military academy and had grown up idolizing his father and wants to go with his dad as a volunteer a. Arthur macarthur performed a brief service at this moment. He turned to his son and said done, you have an appointment to west point. I want you to take that appointment. This will not be the last war. This will not be the last war but my last war. Your job is to prepare yourself for that time. So douglas took his advice and went off to west point. Incidentally, mom followed along because with her oldest boy in the u. S. Navy, her husband going off to fight in the philippines, she really did not have anywhere else to go. So she took up residence for the next four years in the hotel. People joked that arthur although Mary Macarthur performed a valuable service. She would often host an offcampus gathering place. It was not all bad. She was very much a cadet friend. West point was greatly formative for Douglas Macarthur. Credo2, he said that his had been duty, honor, and country and west point really influenced him until his last days. In many different ways. Obviously through the education. He had one of the most outstanding academic records in the history of west point. First captain in his class. One of the things that really drove home to him was the idea that the way to become a leader and a good soldier was on the athletic field. You learn things like discipline, leadership. Hadfirst leadership role been in high school as quarterback of the High School Football team. He managed the Football Team in 1904. When he was there, one of his players was Joseph Stillwell who also was the one that brought basketball to west point. Played baseball. Another thing we have on display is a box score from the first end of the Naval Academy played the west point academy. Batting second is Douglas Macarthur. He ended up scoring the winning run. After graduation, macarthur took a commission in the corps of engineers. Your duty. Im on one of the advantages that he had and one of the significant moments of his career was in 1905 when his father who at the time was a senior ranking general in the army, a threestar general and only the chief of staff ranked higher. He was given a task to tour the far east and observe the russojapanese war. He took his young son, lieutenant Douglas Macarthur to observe. This was a very important period. He wrote in his memoirs, ever after asia had fastened itself with a grip that never relax. He said that he realized on that trip that the fate of the United States was forever bound in the far east. That is an attitude he gained that would color and influence his days for the rest of his life. He becomes a pan asian general for the u. S. The other thing about this to 1916rom 1905 occurred in 1960. He becomes the first public chief of information in the history of the u. S. Army. They never had a public affairs. Fficer this is important because Douglas Macarthur learns press relations, he learns how to promote and this is also the time of the great debate over what the army, and navy will look like. They know that world war i has the going on since 1814 and American People know that eventually they will get dragged into it. What do we need to do to get the army and the navy ready. As the chief of public information, Douglas Macarthur was at the forefront telling the story of the army, showcasing it, and how to get it from where it is to where it needs to be. Criticizedople Douglas Macarthur later for a flare of publicity and that he was a shameless self promoter. There is a certain amount of truth to that but you need to remember that he learned that at a very early age. Learned that at the early age. Many ways, he was ahead of his contemporaries in terms of press relations. And the skills he will learn here he will use for the rest of his career. And with that, let us go upstairs and take a look at macarthur in world war i. In august, started 1914 but the u. S. Did not get 1917. Ed until time numberede only about 400,000 active. , thethe next 18 months army would grow to 4 million. A tremendous war effort on the part of the u. S. At one at the core of this was Douglas Macarthur. First things the National Guard is vying for is the right for the first group over to france. They want to send an American Expeditionary force. A statehan have Division Like pennsylvania, new york rather than giving one state the whole thing, they created an amalgamation of states. As many as they could put into one infantry division. With 26 states and the District Of Columbia represented in this division. It was known as the 42nd division. They were trying to think of a nickname. They he said it will stretch like a rainbow across the country. So it was the 42nd rainbow division. The 42nd division fought in world war i, world war ii, and remains on the books today. Waslas macarthur because he perfectly situated, appoints himself colonel and chief of staff of the 42nd division. He will end up being chief of staff and he will later command the 84th brigade, one half of the division during world war i in combat. At the end and for the occupation of germany and the rhineland, late 1918, until most of 1919, he will be division commander. The Youngest Division commander in the world war i and the youngest general. He was promoted to brigadier general. Iss object the hind me macarthurs traveling trunk. This befits a senior officer. Carried, most soldiers what they owned on their back but the Senior Officers are allowed to bring their own baggage. This is his trunk. It has uniforms and it is worth pointing out that american uniforms, american soldiers lived and worked in the same uniform. Unlike later times. Was a very well read officer. A student of military history and he had various books as well as files and papers. He had a sewing kit which soldiers nicknamed the housewife. By the way, i should point out that officers bought their own uniforms. The last thing in the one thing i want to show you is what they be the most important thing in this trunk. It is the straight razors. Why is this you ask . In world war i, was the ofroduction to the use chemical warfare. A mans ability to get his gas mask on in seconds was the difference between death and life. A gas mask does not get a good seal on the face if there is stubble or a beard. Use of theective razor and keeping yourself cleanshaven can sometimes mean the difference between life and death. I mentioned macarthurs brother in passing and i want to call your attention to this plaque for the uss chattanooga. Arthur macarthur hunted german the first during world war across the atlantic. He achieved quite a record doing it. This was a plaque from the uss chattanooga that he commanded. How the u. S. Gets in and we looked at how macarthur gets into france. Let us look at the battlefield. A tell that story, we have section of reproduced trench. It shows you a little bit of the depth of trench warfare. Lived innfantrymen trenches. It started with a stalemate on the western front in belgium and france starting in october 1914 continuing without letup until the summer of 1918. Cut almost a 500 miles car from the north sea in belgium to the swiss border. Alliednches themselves, and german. Sometimes, no mans land. The space in between was often measured in just yards. The trenches were higher than a man stood tall. There is a fair amount of protection. This soldier here who is on the firing step is peering out over into no mans land. He is watching the enemy. Every morning and evening, they had what was called stand to encase the enemy tried to do something crazy. Everyone was in fighting positions. That is what he is doing care. One thing you will notice he is very low to the ground but he is poking his head up to see what is going on. If he poked up his head too far, there was probably a german sniper not too far away that would drill him in the forehead. Inpers and artillery particular were very serious weapons. Trenches are very confined spaces. You have to live and work there. There was a lot of other forms of life that lived there including rats, fleas, ticks and all kinds of things. In a good rainstorm, they can fly. There is some iconic photographs of the trenches in flanders where the men are fighting in kneehigh or waist high water. There were dugouts where men could bunk. Bugs and dirt are ever present. Part of the physical stress and the psychological stress of the enemy being this close and death eating one wrong movement away, had a psychological toll on these guys. Onthe time these guys average, a soldier would spend four days in a frontline trench, four days in a rear position,a support and then they would spend a week on rest. In the rear for maintenance and training and replenishing supplies. That was the rotation. Four days on the front, four days in reserve, and a week of rest and start the cycle again. The last thing i would point out to you is the combat in the short, sharp,ften and brutal. If you went over the top, a lot of men never made it to the barbed wire halfway across no man slammed. Oryou rated the enemy trench if the enemy graded your trench, it would be close quarter combat with knives, pistols, sometimes dressed knuckles. This was also the first war to illustrate this point and the veracity of the close quarter contact. This was also the first war where officer where soldiers were issued shotguns. And were called trench guns were designed specifically for use in close quarters. Intense or boring at times. The trenches were not a Pleasant Place to be. Everyone long for war to move again. This brings me to the last piece where we will talk about Douglas Macarthur on the battlefield. One of the best illustrations we have is taken from some photographs. This brings me to the first of a series of murals done specifically for the memorial. Alton tobey in 1965. It shows different aspects and segments of Douglas Macarthurs life. This is one of the first. There are a lot of things going on in this portrait. They tell you about him on the battlefield as well as american troops. You can see americans marching forward to engage in combat. A arthur was involved in several battles during the summer of 1918 in the champagne region. Argonne offensive in 1918. This is probably late fall judging by the weather. Most of the men are marching forward. You notice this officer here standing with binoculars. That is General Macarthur. He adopted a distinct look. He realized that as a chief of staff, he had a good staff and he realized that to keep up his mens morale and help them cope and the there for a quick battlefield decision, he had to be up front. In order for his men to realize the boss is here he decided to dress distinctly. Georgeothing patton were a distinctive look in world war ii that was made famous. There are many other generals that cut distinctive figures so that their men knew here is the boss. There is one officer in the American Army in france that dresses like this. If you see someone like this, it is General Macarthur. You notice he is not wearing a gas mask. He was gassed twice in the war. He also issued orders that if anyone followed his example, they would be courtmartialed. This is important not only for the distinctive look but look at where he is. Most generalse were in the rear, comfortably, macarthur is up front also notice, he is not wearing a weapon. He would often lead attacks carrying nothing but a riding crop. The men looked at this and realize if the kernel and later the brigadier can take it, i can take it also. That is called command presence. Not just bravado. He wrote later that leadership crystallized in a physical manifestation. Front, by being fearless, it shows that he was leading in a very visible way. Douglas macarthur in world war i was the most decorated american. He earned several seven silver stars, and a host of other metals. Medals. To end on a light note. Caused him. Lmost in early november 19 18, as the americans are racing forward in victory, there is an order given to ignore divisional boundaries. Macarthur was commanding the eta for the brigade and decided to an objective in a neighboring sector. He goes over to reckon later the area and gets captured by a First Division soldier. The soldier had never seen an american dressed like this. It took him six years to convince them that he was an american. It is only when the 84th realized where is our general that they realized who he was. Macarthur, leading from the from the very much cut same cloth of the other great leaders. World war i in particular help solidify who he was and how he would lead forward. Even in world war ii and korea, he leads from the front in most cases. Where would he get that idea of being out front . And being able to make a quick battlefield decision of necessary . He got it in the trenches in france. Ends november 11, 1918 and macarthurs career in some ways is only just beginning. He is a Major General at the end of the war and he is destined for great things. Let us look at macarthur in the interwork period. Interwar. R period. I will stop you here and show you that this is General Macarthur coming home in 1919. He dressed extremely well. Division, ife 42nd he ever ran across a veteran of the 42nd division in later life, he always had time for them. He always attended the reunions. The 42nd was always a big part of his life. Tributes from the division throughout the rest of his life were some of his most cherished artifacts. The division has donated all of the artifacts and memory bill yet to the memorial about five years ago in recognition of his strong presence. 1919o wanted to talk about as something of a watershed. When we do chores for military groups and schoolchildren, one of the things i always point out to people is i ask them this question when was the map of the middle east drawn . It was drawn at versailles at the end of world war i. If you look at the middle east borders have only existed for less than 100 years. If you look at the middle east today you can imagine iraq, jordan, and israel there is a reason why iraq and jordan are shaped the way they are. British, if the suez canal was ever closed, would still have a land route to cross. Those borders have created all sorts of political problems but it all goes back to the end of the First World War with the treaty of her