Player. Game. Can you hear me. Yes now give me your initialization text there time the Third Generation x. Four hundred injuries i can look at your house do the cooking find the kids are going to use your points. In Science Fiction films scientists reason life into machine. You want to meet play many neuroscientists such as and robotics experts today are on a quest to create an artificial brain modeled on a human brain they believe its within the realm of possibility that the information inside our brains can be extracted and transferred to a machine that will then replace us. The brain is a kind of machine and machines are things that you can analyze and understand like representing mathematics and recreate you can build other versions are played on the you are the. Like a program our soul is our program in a hundred years we will know how to upload peoples minds into computers are scientists really on course to one knocking the mysteries of the human brain in a way that will enable them to build one just like it one day. Our journey begins an inside one mans imagination she roshi she guru is a Science Fiction fan and robotics expert whos exploring what it takes to be human. Hes started replication himself by building an android that will live forever. Christian body is not important so we can have our share of bodies as they do it can be a human. And the reason we have a more powerful computers and more powerful rob or so remake chains this year and all the and the finish on the other humans i get. Asked sr to bring back into many who. Are. Frank. Envisions these robots being put to use as receptionists or Television Presenter economists can but. Right now theyre little more than a thomas on is equipped with software that he should guru is still working to perfect. English hes convinced that the technology is only in its infancy is it possible that will one day be able to replicate a human brain just as we hope to be able one day to replicate an on leg or hand. Sunday that people may have but this kind of. You know the head and then the buyer you know the. Metros and the others people may use of this kind of what they can or that is to depress the. Head with a machine. Is this a dream or a nightmare could the human brain really be replaced by a machine to make that vision a reality scientists would have to know how to reproduce the functions of all the brain cells and that in turn would require an understanding of the incredibly complex network of connected nerve cells some one hundred billion neurons that help make up the brain. In a nod to the human genome project researchers in the us coined the term connector to denote a comprehensive map of all the mural connections in the human brain. Decipher in leagues between the brain structure. And its function is the new holy grail of science. Since twenty ten a huge project supported by the National Institutes of health has been seeking to map the entire human your a wiring system by scanning the brains of twelve hundred patients its called the human connector. Were here at the Martinos Imaging Center having a look at the connectome scanner which is the first scanner in the world created to map connectivity in the human brain its the most powerful scanner for this use by a factor of four compared to the other scanners it consumes up to twenty megawatts of electricity when its running at full speed for comparison thats about the amount of electricity produced by a nuclear submarine. In a state of rest hundreds of subjects brains are being scanned by this unique m. R. I. Machine. Researches have also developed a helmet two senses to trace connections in the brain in the highest possible resolution. Its enabled them to produce a three d. Computer image depicting the main pathways of the human brain. Every one of these colored lines corresponds to a sort of highway on which information travels from one area of the brain to another. This big green structure over here look at it on the side it goes from the frontal lobe to the temporal lobe its critical for language. This pathway connects the speech the mouth area over here to the hearing area over here and if this thing gets blown by lets say a stroke that might occur here or a trauma then this person is likely to have the difficulty articulate. Or comprehending speech. This picture is like a snapshot of the information flow constantly taking place inside our brains the images you did by the connect own project have been published by International News media and leading scientific journals turns out that all of the bilateral animals on earth the largest number of animals that youll recognize as animals are bilateral they have all left side or right side and the front and back so this is apparently the basic plan of all nervous systems all the biological brains are like this why probably the first purpose they served was propulsion. The new technology for allowing research was to look deep into the structure of the brain. Results of the connect own project show that the brain despite the dizzy and complexity of its circuits is put together in a way thats highly structured and almost mathematical. The scientists want to better understand the workings of the brain in order to develop improved treatments for brain diseases. Quote the work being conducted of the worlds most prestigious universities and did large scientific consortiums one day result in the development of an artificial brain. One of the Biggest Challenges of neuroscience is understanding how sensory input is transformed into neural connections within the brain and among the most Prestigious Research laboratories the race is on to find the answer. At Harvard UniversityJeffrey Lichtman as a pioneer in this field of research. Hes trying to construct a complete mouse brain connector home of unprecedented resolution to that end he commissioned the construction of the worlds most powerful scanning electron microscope. Or and. This machine can cut a one millimeter thick slice of mouse brain into thirty five thousand atom field crosssection. Across sections of them laid end to end like the frames of a film. This process allows the researches to map a mouse brain fragment equivalent to the size of a grain of sand. In a while. One hundred thousand fold in a large amount the frames allow them to produce exact diagrams of the brains neural wiring. For example we can see how this river is connected to the green. Further its possible to distinguish the space between both. This gap is called the synapse. To transmit information the neuron located in front of the synapse releases chemicals here a little white dots called neuro transmitters. Chemical medium through which signals flow from one your on to the next. Its through these continuous transmitter exchanges that our brain transfers information between your. Neuroscientists believe that unlike a computer our brains dont store information in a specific place like files that can be retrieved just by searching through our thoughts instead its believed each piece of information is coded through a particular connection pattern between. This one might be your first childhood memory. This one the answer to two plus two. And another the way your legs move when you ride a bike the more they are activated the stronger the connections become. The neuro transmitters the white dots seem yeah it seems to reflect the information stored in our brains but the process that transforms this information into synoptic connections remains a mystery to science. There must be an algorithm. Of mechanism that turns information about the world into a physicality. The wiring in the brain there must be some rule or rules that do that work the same in every ones free and if we could figure out how its done its not impossible to imagine you could then decode you can go the other way reverse engineer you could say i see a wiring diagram and now i can tell you what it must be called. The trouble is that Jeff Lichtman and hes team spent five years putting together this picture which represents only three billions of amasses brain. Who could have imagined that such a small fragment of the cortex could harvest so many mysteries. Depends on your point of view whether this is also more just depressing but theres way more checks they heard that we were anticipating. The rate were doing it now it will be you know over one hundred billion i think its hard to say one hundred billion your first book would be complete and i will certainly be dead in a hundred billion years im certain of that but. At that pace its unlikely the human connectome will be completed any time soon but there are enough optimists who believe it can be done and theyre convinced that after the success of the coding the human genome the era of the joan will soon dawn. In the United States the connectome has become so fashionable that some neuroscientists are advancing the theory that we are our own connect oh they believe our thoughts memories and feelings are in code in the billions of possible ways neurons interact. When the colonel specializes in computational neuroscience an area of research that aims to wonder stand our brains with the help of computer models. He says our brain is like a supercomputer capable of managing the huge amount of information it encounters. Which you have to realize is well the brain is a kind of machine its a biological machine assume that everything that we are is generated through biological machinery. And machines are things that you can arise and understands and represent in mathematics and recreate you can build other versions of it in the living. Room is convinced that the ability to create an artificial brain is only a question of time even coins the concept of whole brain emulation uploading the mind to a computer. And turner has defined the necessary steps to accomplish this he thinks mapping the brains connections is merely the first step in our own process. Of the connectome is the map of the brain so its kind of like all of the letters in a book or just having the letters of a book on a desk is not the same as the story the story is the act of reading those letters reading those words and making sentences out of them the connectome itself is nothing if. Chad if you cant run the brain if it doesnt produce something the activity in the brain through the connector thats really who we are. There would be little sense in mapping the connections in the brain if we couldnt understand which thoughts or actions they correspond to. Bush recent advances in imaging and Information Technologies could transform scientists understanding of how the brain works. At Carnegie Mellon university in pittsburgh for instance researches are working on new ways to decode our thoughts. To project leader marcel just the mind is no longer a private realm thats inaccessible to others. My dream is to explain the nature of human thought our mind is our sort of most private place the place you can always retreat to and nobody can get at it normally but with new technologies were going to be able to get inside peoples minds the infrastructure of the mind is the brain its in your mind its in your brain of its in your brain it should be decoded. In this study volunteers were placed in an m. R. I. Machine and presented with two hundred forty simple sentences. The policeman arrested the angry driver. The victim feared the criminal. The journalist interviewed the judge. The tree was green. Depending on which sentence was read seven areas of the brain revealed more activities another. Ok andrew youre all that was. The experiment showed that each of the sentences yielded similar brain activity in each of the subjects. We think that were different for each other because we speak different languages and were different clothes and so on but the structure of our brain just like the structure of our legs and knees we all walk the same way and it didnt occur to us that we all think very similarly and so for example for the concept of apple everybody holds an apple the same way everybody bites into an apple the same way and so if you say think apple you get similar brain activation patterns so this is this. New finding. That. We have this commonality in our brains its not a random pattern that we all have its systematic. The research has developed a program with which they could a dentist find the phrase a subject was reading simply by analyzing the brain regions activated during reading. Like here for example well as trying to predict the center of its unfair to criminal as you can see we get this clusters of high activation is because this era is specialized in representing a social interaction and also you would see another closed door in the right and this area inferring about us of peoples mental state. Because the senate has this kind of social emotional component so thats why we were seeded actuation how does you know there are. From the activation pattern the Computer Program looks at the content of all two hundred forty senses the rehab and says which one is the closest and content and in this case it gets it right it means that theres a systematic relationship mapping between the meaning of a sentence and the brain patterns activation. The results open up a new world from us though just for example they could lead to the development of Computer Programs with the power to decode our thoughts. Research marches on you know give us another im not five ten years and maybe we can upload the personality the personality is in a persons brain i mean that thats what controls whether were kinder gentle or cruel or whatever and yes its there and its just a matter of patiently figuring out what the code is and how it works and how it arises and so on. Although marcel just is optimistic were still a long way from decoding human personality still his scientific Progress Office hope to some who dream of building an artificial brain so they can live forever. On the frontlines of this quest for immortality is russian entrepreneur dimitri its. Once the head of the media group he left his position to launch a project called initiative twenty forty five. Hes seeking to transplant his own brain complete with memories and consciousness into an artificial body within the next thirty years q. Hes invested a part of his fortune in the project and has sought to get other billionaires and talk researches on board. His project may sound crazy but hes convinced it will succeed. By twenty forty five his body will have reached the end of its lifespan but his mind will be a morsel. In this richer people. Whole. World so for what it will assist him he says. They will have you know multiple bodies and oranges which is why. The world is on the verge in the meantime its called plans to build into mediate avatars to bridge the gap until he can achieve his ultimate goal theyre the topic of this promotional video which is reminiscent of a trailer for a hollywood blockbuster. The race for immortality starts awful cost for the next forty years two thousand and twenty the avatar is creating. Enjoyed robots to replace people in manufacturing costs two thousand to two thousand and thirty five really bright the colossal project of brain reverse engineering is incremented while science comes very close to understanding the principles of consciousness two thousand and thirty five the First Successful attempt to transfer ones personality turn alternative calio talk of cybernetic immortality could give. Other any parallels between the reality of science of the fantasy of its cost commercial like his avatar any for example a robot shaped like a human thats powered by thought its slated to be operational by twenty twenty. Two you university in durham North Carolina hes one of the leading experts in this field. For more than thirty years nicolelis has been extracting and decoding information from brains and then transforming this information into a computer language that machines can understand. Well i started work as an air scientist thinking that you could decode the brain well we had to code to do genetic code why not in their own accord and for the last thirty years i have nuked for it. Very intensively over you know in many different species i have recorded the brains of mice rats monkeys humans you name it i recorded it. In nicholass la bora tre dimitry its coughs prophecies and his avatar a have already become a reality. In this experiment a monkey controls a wheelchair solely by using its brain power. The animals goal is to reach a bunch of grapes. The monkey basically learns to navigate with his wheelchair by using the brain activity alone it doesnt need to do any movements doesnt have to produce any hand movements anything it just imagines the trajectory and we are gathering the signals three hundred four hundred neurons and send in the alpert today will chair after some much radical transformations are applied so that a monkey can collect the reward. The experiments began with a simple video game in one thousand nine hundred eighty four and have since been repeated worldwide a recess monkey named aurora used a joystick to move a customer inside a circle as a reward she was given fruit juice her brain activity was transmitted to an auto fishel on which exactly reproduce time movements then one morning nicolelis removed the joystick. The moment was very sick but. We got a lot to do this task and with too much warning we removed the joystick she had no joystick anymore so. The beginning should try to move the arm in the air when nothing happens suddenly basically clicks and the cursor stars movie stars going to departed like she used to go when she was moving her arm but there was no joystick in him one she just relaxed completely change so why do i need to move my arm somehow is working in the moment she stopped moving and decker sequentially to go you could hear a fly going into the room because were completely mute we couldnt talk for an hour she played again with the movie there was a moment in which we saw a brain for the first time liberating itself from the physical limits of a body and acting on the world by itself surreal it. Is almost like you said ok i dont need this body or i mean im bigger than this body. After much repetition aurora managed to create an electric brain signal that the machine could detail. Left go forward backward each action the Monkey Spring command it was understood by the machine. Decided to take his research a step further by applying his discovery chief human in twenty fourteen he accomplished the impossible. Using a mind controlled robotic excess skeleton a paraplegic man kicked off