We really see him connecting, in the 1960s to the emancipation proclamation in the civil war to the declaration of independence and the founding of the country. Plus, miles obrien ventures deep inside a canadian nickel mine, home to a premier particlephysics lab where theyre trying to solve a key mystery of the universe, what is dark matter . Its rather annoying but it is so important and yet we know next to nothing about it. Ifill those are just some of the stories were covering on tonights pbs newshour. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by charles schwab, proud supporter of the pbs newshour. And with the ongoing support of these institutions and foundations. And. This program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Ifill diplomats labored today to salvage plans for getting the Syrian Government and rebel forces together, to talk instead of fight. Opponents of the assad regime balked at including iran in this weeks scheduled gathering. And the u. N. Secretarygeneral ultimately rescinded his invitation to the iranian government. Well explore all of this, right after the news summary. Ifill iran, the u. S. And other world powers began implementing a landmark nuclear deal today. Under the agreement, iran announced it unplugged banks of centrifuges that enrich uranium to high levels. The move was witnessed by international inspectors, and announced on state television. The implementation of the first phase of the geneva agreement has started to. Comply with the agreement iran starting this morning stopped its 20 uranium enrichment. The process of oxidation and dilution of the 20 uranium stockpile has started. Ifill in return, the u. S. And the European Union announced the easing of some economic sanctions. The agreement is good for the next six months, giving the parties time to try to reach a final agreement. Ifill in iraq today, a wave of bombings killed at least 28 people in and around baghdad. Most of the explosions targeted crowded markets and Court Buildings in the capital. In addition to the dead, scores of people were wounded. Meanwhile, heavy fighting raged west of baghdad, in ramadi. The iraqi Army Launched a major offensive there yesterday to drive out alqaeda fighters. Ifill a taliban bombing in pakistan has killed at least 13 people, the Second Attack on the army in as many days. The blast erupted when a suicide bomber blew himself up near the main military headquarters in rawalpindi. On sunday, taliban militants killed more than two dozen troops at an army compound in the northwest town of bannu. Ifill americans marked this day with tributes to the reverend Martin Luther king junior, on the National Holiday celebrating his birthday. Newshour correspondent kwame holman has our report. Reporter song filled the air on the National Mall in washington early on this holiday morning. Officials honored the civil rights leader with a wreath laying ceremony at his memorial. Elsewhere in the nations capital, Vice President joe biden said the civil rights struggle continues. He pointed to a Supreme Court decision that struck down part of the Voting Rights act Justice Ginsburg got it right when she said throwing out the existing process when its working and continues to work is, quote, like throwing away an umbrella in a rainstorm because youre not getting wet. And now were in a hailstorm, new attempts by states and localities to limit Ballot Access without the full protection of the law. Reporter the first family marked the occasion by taking part in a national day of service to honor kings legacy. President and mrs. Obama and their two daughters volunteered at a community kitchen, helping to prepare meals for local shelters. And there were events nationwide. In kings hometown of atlanta, celebrants paid tribute with dancing, singing, and drum performances. In denver, thousands gathered at the i have a dream monument for the milehigh citys annual king day parade. Adults and children also turned out in st. Paul, minnesota to march in honor of dr. Kings life and mission. We need to forgive what has happened bad to us in this country and look forth to making it a better place and we all can be a part of that by pitching in and doing our part. Reporter parades also were held in los angeles phoenix and elsewhere. Ifill an american missionary held in north korea for more than a year appealed today for the u. S. Government to secure his release. Kenneth bae was arrested in november of 2012, convicted of crimes against the state and sentenced to 15 years of hard labor. Today, bae appeared at a News Conference in pyongyang. He appealed for an end to what he said was a Smear Campaign against north korea. I would like to plea with the u. S. Government, the press and my family to stop worsening my situation by making wild rumors against north korea and releasing materials related to me which are not based on the facts. Ifill bae admitted he had broken north korean laws and said he hopes to be pardoned. Ifill in a new interview, president obama says marijuana is a vice, but its no more dangerous than alcohol. Ifill he also tells the new yorker magazine that penalties for pot use are levied unfairly. He says acknowledged he smoked marijuana as a young man but says he doesnt encourage it. Still to come on the newshour, trouble with the syria peace talks before they even start, a long lost recording from the reverend mar fin Martin Luther trouble for the syria peace talks, before they even start; a longlost recording from the reverend Martin Luther king junior; the wave of violence roiling afghanistan; the dark matter experiment deep inside a canadian nickel mine; plus, what the Tech Industry thinks of the president s n. S. A. Proposals. Ifill now, the diplomatic struggle over the syria peace talks. The back and forth over the u. N. s decision to invite iran to participate continued all day, with the scheduled start of the talks less than 48 hours away. Ifill in two days time, world powers will gather at this hotel in montreux, switzerland to try to negotiate an end to syrias civil war. Yesterday in new york, u. N. Secretary general ban ki moon extended an eleventhhour invitation to iran. I believe strongly that iran needs to be part of the solution to the syrian crisis. Ifill ban initially said iran accepted the goal of a Transitional Government in syria that would remove president Bashar Al Assad from power. Later, though, iran insisted it will not accept preconditions for attending. Hours after that, a spokesman for ban made this announcement at the u. N. the secretary general is deeply disappointed by iranian public statements today that are not at all consistent with that stated commitment. He continues to urge iran to join the global consensus behind the geneva communiquee. Given that it has chosen to remain outside that basic understanding, he has decided that the oneday montreux gathering will proceed without irans participation. Ifill the invitation had sparked a flurry of objections, starting at the u. N. With u. S. Ambassador samantha power. As of this morning, iran still has yet to demonstrate its willingness to explicitly and publicly subscribe to the full implementation of the geneva communiquee. That is a minimum requirement for participation in this peace process. Ifill newshour chief Foreign Affairs correspondent Margaret Warner has been watching all of this, in montreux. The state department was incredibly frustrated by this last minute development over the weekend. It really threw a Monkey Wrench into its carefully constructed plan to get the Syrian Opposition to come to this conference, which only got settled saturday night. Ifill iran, and its allied lebanese militia hezbollah, have continued to send arms and fighters to support assad. The westernbacked Syrian National council, which had agreed to participate in the talks, has insisted that must change. translated the National Coalition gives an ultimatum to iran that expires today at seven russia a long time ally of syrias insisted iran should be at the table. F there was no iran in this list i think ifill on the streets of tehran, iranians said its only natural the Islamic Republic be included. Iran is a major player in syria. Without iran, the geneva conference would be an unanswerable question. It would be too difficult. translated iran is a very important country in the middle east. Iran must be there and if iran does not take part, the meeting will be useless. Everybody will feel irans influence. Ifill for Syrian Refugees in the region, the latest turn of events, and the prospects for peace, has been met with skepticism. translated they will not be able to achieve anything. As long as russia, china, iran and the devils party are supporting assad, nothing will happen. If the United States and the arab nations do not support us, and if the Free Syrian Army doesnt achieve victory, nothing will come out of geneva. Ifill assad himself weighed in with an interview broadcast today on syrian state television. He made clear he is not stepping down, and accused others of interfering in an internal dispute translated the geneva conference must lead to clear results regarding the fight against terrorism in syria. More specifically, putting pressure on the countries supporting terrorism in syria by sending fighters, sending money to terrorists organizations, sending weapons, namely saudi arabia and turkey. Ifill as the diplomatic disarray continued to unfold, the fighting inside syria continued. Ten people were killed today in a double bombing near the turkish border. Ifill Martin Luther king jr. Was 39 years old when he died, and during his years on earth, he gave famous and memorable speeches around the world that have been replayed hundreds of times. There is one, however that, until recently, had not been heard in more than 50 years. The newshours stephen fee explains. Ladies and gentlemen, i need not pause to say how very delighted i am to be here this evening. It was september 12, 1962, a a year before the march on washington, two years before the passage of the Civil Rights Act and civil rights leader Martin Luther king, jr. Was grappling with the movements next steps. He had just spent weeks in albany, georgia, unsuccessfully trying to integrate that city. King had been jailed twice and three black churches in the state had been set a blaze in the past three weeks. Now king found himself at a new York City Hotel delivering a speech to politicians and political donors. The government building was bombed in washington. The perpetrators will be apprehended immediately. All the agency of government cannot find or convict the arsonists. Kings speech came during a commemoration marking the 100th anniversary of Abraham Lincolns socalled preliminary emancipation proclamation, a little known document that preceded by three months the proclamation itself. It warned the south that lincoln intended to free slaves in all states that continued to remain in the confederacy. If they have done nothing more in this whole history, then to create just two documents, its contribution to civilization would be imperishable. The first of these documents was the declaration of independence. And that which we are here to honor tonight. And the emancipation proclamation. Until late last year, the only known record of kings speech was a copy of his remarks annotated by an audio technician that had been stored at the New York State Museum in albany. But in november, as the museum digitized its audio chrekz collections an intern discovered a recording. Listening to the tape had a profound effect on new york States Education commissioner john king. He oversees the museum. Having read it, its very different to hear it. All times, past, present and future i get to here the powerful way in which king approached speech as a speaker. You also could see where he and his choice of words departed from the written text. And you also get much more of a sense of dr. King as a speaker and author. The discovery of the recording here at the state museum in albany, new york, not only sheds new light on the civil rights era, it also emphasizes the impact that the life of Abraham Lincoln had on Martin Luther king, jr. Both of them clearly wrestled with their positions in life, the individual sacrifices that they ultimately would make. Khalil mohammed directs the new york Publics LibrarySchonberg Center for research in black culture. He draws parallel between king and lincolns strategic thinking. Lincoln used this legal strategy and maneuvering and says i am going to do something that is going to fundamentally change the balance of power. And is going to stop me. And well deal with the consequences, the legal consequences of that when we cross that period. I think he fundamentally admires that and wants to remind a group of politicians and Decision Makers here in new york that they have the influence and potential power to make similar decisions in this critical moment of 1962. Critical because king worried that president john f. Kennedy would not push hard enough to pass the Civil Rights Act. Meanwhile, new york governor Nelson Rockefeller who intended to challenge kennedy in 1964, invited king to speak at the commemoration ceremony. A possible bid to court black voters. Of course, governor rockefeller was a republican, dr. King was working to get then president kennedy to take a stronger stand on civil rights issues. And was somewhat reluctant to attend the event but governor rockefeller helped organize donations to rebuild churches that had been burned in the south. That was something that helped get dr. Kings attention. At the dinner king chastised politicians of both major parties for not doing enough to fulfill the promise of lincolns document within the proclamation of inferiority has contended with the proclamation of the emancipation, negating its liberating was speaking directly to the administration and allies on both sides of the political aisle saying you cant stand in the legacy of Abraham Lincoln, call yourselves politicians because no president befitting the office who bows before forces of injustice is befitting the office. In this speech here he says look, this is where the country went wrong from the beginning. This is where the country did not live up to the promises and possibilities of the emancipation period this is what a heroic and courageous politician looks like when they when they act. Courageous perhaps. But despite their antislavery zeal, lincoln and his closest aides had to cope with the politicians of their time. Historian james oakes says lincoln wanted to free all the country slaves outright. But the constitution protects slavery in the states already existed. All they could do is free slaves as a military necessity in an effort to suppress the rebel yen and restore the union. Constitutionally. Even so the preliminary he mans mation proclamation mark a major step toward abolition and in his 1962 speech, king said its reach extended all the way to his own time. All american you really see him connecting the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s and to the emancipation proclaimation in the civil war to the declaration, independence and founding of the country. You hear him telling a story about america as a place that aspires to greater freedom and greater equality. And i hope people will see that and i also hope people will be inspired to work towards greater equality today. As for lincoln he donated the handwritten preliminary proclamation to a charity ravel. Abolitionist Garrett Smith won the dument after buying most of the tickets. A thousand of them at a dollar a piece. It would later be sold to new york state and the preliminary proclamation now sits in a vault at the state library. Like that audiotape of Martin Luther king speech, a precious piece of history now preserved under the same roof. Ifill weve posted the complete audio recording of dr. Kings speech online. Thats on our rundown. Ifill the taliban carried out a brazen attack today against a military base in southern afghanistan. Using a truck bomb, gunmen stormed the complex and killed an american soldier. That followed an assault friday that targeted a restaurant frequented by westerners in kabul. 21 civilians were killed, 13 of them nonafghans, in the single deadliest attack against foreign citizens since the war started. Claiming responsibility, the taliban said the attack was in retaliation for an airstrike last week against insurgents in the eastern parwan province. There were a number of civilian causalities, but there are conflicting reports on how many were killed. For more on the instability in afghanistan, we turn to Washington Post reporter pamela constable, she recently returned from afghanistan. And omar samad, a former Afghan Foreign ministry spokesman, who also served as the countrys ambassador to france and canada. Welcome to you both. What is this latee attack, pam, tell us about how uns