Inspires. Sue and edgar wachenheim, iii. Barbara hope zuckerberg. Corporate funding is provided by mutual of america designing customized individual and Group Retirement products. Thats why we are your retirement company. And by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. From the tisch wnet studios at Lincoln Center in new york, william brangham. Brangham good evening, and thanks for joining us. Donald trump says he must win the battleground state of pennsylvania to win the white house, but opinion polls show he has an uphill climb. Trump is down by about ten Percentage Points to Hillary Clinton in the four most recent surveys of pennsylvania voters, yet he told supporters in altoona last night, he fears voter fraud could propel clinton to victory in the keystone state. She cant beat whats happening here. The only way they can beat it, in my opinion and i mean this 100 if in certain sections of the state, they cheat, okay . Brangham theres been no evidence of widespread inperson voter fraud in pennsylvania or any other state. Hillary clinton returns to pennsylvania monday to campaign with Vice President joe biden in his home town of scranton. Hillary and bill clinton released their joint 2015 tax return yesterday, revealing the couple earned 10. 6 million last year, mostly from speeches and book royalties, and paid an effective federal tax rate of 34 . The return is posted on her campaign web site, along with ten years of tax returns from her running mate, virginia senator tim kaine. These releases and a new Clinton Campaign online ad are again pressuring trump to release his tax returns. Trump, who is a billionaire, is the first president ial candidate in 40 years not to release any tax returns. The National Weather service has issued a flood watch for southwest louisiana including new orleans until tomorrow afternoon. The warning came after ten inches of rain fell along louisianas gulf coast over the past 24 hours, and six more inches were forecast for today. At least two rivers in louisiana are expected to crest this weekend to record levels, and the flooding is blamed for at least two deaths. Louisiana Governor John Bel Edwards said today the National Guard and others have rescued more than a thousand people and a hundred pets from homes and cars in what he called historic flooding. Because these are record floods, we dont know how wide the water is going to get in those areas. This is unprecedented, so we dont have records that we can go back and see who all is going to be impacted. Brangham governor edwards has temporarily moved out of the executive mansion in baton rouge after the mansions basement was flooded. In syria, the biggest defeat for isis in more than a year. Rebel forces in northern syria, backed by u. S. Air strikes, say theyve seized control of the city of manbij, near the countrys border with turkey. A spokesman for the Syrian Democratic forces says their fighters freed more than 2,000 civilians held by isis militants. More than 100,000 civilians were displaced in 73 days of fighting. The loss of manbij deprives isis of a key route for supplies and recruits from across syrias porous border with turkey. Manbij residents celebrated the isis defeat in the streets. Some men shaved their beards, and some women burned burqas that covered their faces both required by isis strict religious rules. These College Students are working to address issues of race within the muslim community. Read more on our web site at www. Pbs. Org newshour. Brangham the Islamic Terrorist Group known as boko haram gained global infamy for kidnapping close to 300 schoolgirls in nigeria in 2014. But the group has also kidnapped more than 10,000 boys over the past three years, according to human rights watch. What happens to these boys including boko harams efforts to convert them into soldiers is the subject of an article this week cowritten by wall street journal reporter drew hinshaw, who joins me now. Before we get into your reporting, help us understand what is boko haram doing and what do they want and how long have they been waging this insurgency in nigeria and elsewhere . Since about 2009, boko haram has been waging a really coveruppedearth violent campaign, create an islamist state in the northeast of nigeria, chase away soldiers and generally attack people who dont subscribe to their ultraviolent ideology. Brangham your reporting detailed how boko haram has been kidnapping thousands of neez boys. You spoke to about a dozen or so who escaped boko haram. What did they tell you about their experience . I think theyre all shaken by tunderstandably. The the astonishing aspect of it, a lot of them at 12, 15 years old, were responsible for raising children who were even younger than them. In one case we talked to he was 10 years old at the time who helped raised infant, toddlers, essentially to be jihadists. So you have in these kind of encampments, children raising children to be terrorist. Brangham why is boko haram taking these kid . What do they want to use them for . One employ i spoke to, boko haram expect to be martyrs. Many adults are expected to die in battle and achieve martyrdom and looking for a new generation to keep their project going after they die in battle. Some some ways they are successful. Obviously the ones we talked to are the ones who escaped, the ones who said weve had enough. But all of them, without exception, said if you go to those camps most are genuine believers and really converted. Brangham but boko haram is the one doing the conversion. These kid dont come to them as radicals. Even if theyre coming as radicals they have no idea what theyre doing. Theyre victims as much as perpetrators. Some of them are guilty of heinous things rape, murder, killing all kind of horrible things. And yet theyre also victims. Theyre also kids plucked out of villages, forced to watch beheadings, with all kind of indoctrination, beaten, starved, and at some point, they convert. Brangham we have seen the use of child soldiers in the past. What is different about this . Is it the scale of the problem here . You have here a situation where you cant go talk to boko haram. In the civil war in lipeeria and sierra leone, a researcher with human right watch told me she went into guinea and spoke to some of the people and said, hey, look, if you dont knock this off, one day you could faes a war crimes trial. And it worked. A u. N. Envoy cant gh into rural northeastern nigeria and sit down with the leader of boko haram saying what you do is wrong. Brangham all right drew hinshaw from the wall street journal. Thank you. Thank you, too. Brangham faced with some of the most expensive housing in the nation, many residents of the San Francisco bay area are simply priced out of the rental market. An hour south of San Francisco, in silicon valley, the mecca for highpaying u. S. Computer and technology jobs, some residents are turning to cars, vans and r. V. S as places to live and call home. In tonights signature segment, special correspondent Joanne Jennings reports how this trend exposes an unintended consequence of an economic boom for both the middle class and the working poor. This story is part of our ongoing series, chasing the dream, about poverty and opportunity in america. Reporter Mountain View, california, is home to hundreds of technology firms, from nasas supercomputing division to tech giant google, which alone employs 20,000 people here. The citys Unemployment Rate is 2. 5 , half the national average, and the Median Household Income tops 100,000 a year. But there are perils to this prosperity, says Mountain View mayor pat showater. So many people have come here that the rents, because of supply and demand, have gone through the roof. Reporter the median rent for an apartment or house is 4,390 a month, a 54 jump since 2012. It doesnt matter whether you make 100,000 or not; you havent planned for a 54 rent increase, and its caused a lot of people to be displaced. Reporter a small but growing number of the citys 80,000 residents are now living in recreational vehicles, vans and cars, like these on this street next to a park. This is my home, and im happy here. Reporter 59yearold scott whaley moved out of his Mountain View apartment into a minivan last november, when he lost his job as a property manager. I just moved into my van. I said, you know, until i can find a place. This is my bedroom back here. Reporter whaley now lives in this used 1997 r. V. He bought for 10,000, depleting his savings. Yes, i would love to have a home. However, this is my home. Im not homeless. Reporter a couple miles away, across from an office park, marcia christleib also makes her home in an r. V. And this is bigger than some of the studios youve looked at . It is. Reporter even though she earns 65,000 a year as an environmental consultant for nasa, christleib says its not enough to support her and her husband, dennis, whos looking for work. The only apartment weve looked at so far that looks like its in a safe neighborhood goes for almost 2,400 a month. Thats a huge portion of a salary, and were just going to have to give up other conveniences. I still can only afford the things i could afford when i was making minimum wage, because Everything Else goes to rent. Reporter the christleibs tried to park their r. V. At a proper campsite, but the only facility in Mountain View that provided power and water hookups is now a construction site. Closed last year after a developer bought the property to build milliondollar townhouses. This summer, the city of Mountain View counted 126 vehicles being used as homes. Its very difficult to get good numbers because Homeless Individuals are often trying to remain hidden. Reporter tom myers is executive director of Mountain Views Community Services agency. People living in vehicles to this type of degree and number is completely new and completely unheard of in this community. People living in their vehicles is something that we are really, as a community, illequipped to be able to handle. Reporter delmi ruiz is preparing dinner in the cramped r. V. She moved into with her husband and three kids last november. Ruiz has worked as a housekeeper in Mountain View for ten years. Her husband cleans offices. She says the landlord of their last apartment raised their rent three times in the year before they moved out. translated the rent started increasing, and we were no longer able to pay for it. Reporter so, why do you stay in Mountain View . translated because weve always lived in Mountain View. Before, it was possible to live here and pay for rent because it was cheap. But its become impossible to live here. Reporter for other displaced residents who choose to stay in Mountain View, even an r. V. Is too expensive. Dwayne golstein makes 30,000 a year as a Pathology Lab technician, but he lived in this rented minivan for two months. It was retrofitted with a mattress and window curtains. He says it was cheaper and had more privacy than the boarding house where hed lived before. 200 a week for a bunk bed in a room with five other bunk beds. Reporter he saved money, but it wasnt easy. I really had to sit down and be honest with myself and say, could i get up every day and take the necessary discipline to not eat after a certain hour . Make sure i could charge my devices every evening; get up in time if i need to move the van because of parking tickets and so forth. Do that on top of the everyday rigors of getting dressed and being presentable for my employment. Reporter to keep himself clean and presentable, for 35 a month, golstein joined a 24hour gym with showers. Its usually cold in the evening times when i go to the gym or when i come in, so i keep my sweater. This is my laundry, which ill take the laundromat once a week. Reporter for those living in vehicles who cant afford a gym membership, the nonprofit dignity on wheels offers mobile shower and laundry services. For his part, golstein has moved back into a shared apartment. Some Mountain View residents living in vehicles can easily afford an apartment but choose to save money and rough it. Brandon, whos 23 and declined to give his last name, earns 175,000 a year as a software engineer. We agreed not to name his employer. He sleeps in this windowless moving truck parked a few blocks from his office in Mountain View. He says he has all the amenities he needs at work. So, there are gyms on the campus where i work. There are showers there, naturally. They have cafes where you can grab breakfast, lunch and dinner. So, i thought it didnt make a lot of sense for me to replicate that whole environment at home, especially when i wouldnt be taking advantage of it. Reporter brandons been living in his truck for more than a year and writing a blog about his experience called from inside the box. Its a substantial sum of money that i would have just been effectively burning on rent. Theres no equity being built up on anything. Reporter the savings helped brandon pay off his 20,000 student loan debt. Hes now maxing out contributions to his retirement plan. A lot of people are blaming the high cost of housing on the Tech Companies and on the tech workers. Yeah, you have all these highpaid workers coming into the area. People or landlords know they can charge more for rent. It ends up becoming totally unsustainable and intractable for people who dont have the sort of resources that these tech workers have. I think theyre perfectly justified in blaming us. Reporter as the largest employer in Mountain View, google recognizes its high salaries have contributed to an inflated housing market. Rebecca prozan is a Public Policy manager at the companys San Francisco office. Obviously, our footprint creates pressure. It creates pressure on housing and transportation. But that pressure isnt just tech. Its not just google. Its all the industries that are creating the economy of the bay area. We all have to Work Together to figure out what were going to look like, and how were going to live. Reporter prozan did not want to address published reports about a handful of its employees living in vehicles to save money. I think the issue is that we dont necessarily want to comment on our employees participating in those activities. Reporter but she said google is committed to addressing the problem of homelessness in the bay area. In Mountain View alone, the company has pledged 1 million for a rapid rehousing program. This specific grant will work to help those who are on the fringes either about to lose their home or about to get into a home in the form of time limited payments, motel rooms, things of that nature to really make sure that people are able to have a home and not live in a car. Reporter several california cities have prohibited people from living in vehicles parked on public streets, but, in 2014, a federal Appeals Court struck down a los angeles law that it said opens the door to discriminatory enforcement against the homeless and the poor. That caused l. A. And other cities to rescind their bans. Certainly, Mountain View officials hear their share of complaints. I have mixed feelings. You know, i feel sorry for the people that are there, but we pay a ton of rent to live in our building, and theres, like, a lot of garbage. Reporter the sites i saw were mostly clean, and People Living in vehicles say the police have been tolerant. Mountain view mayor pat showater says her approach is to offer help, not punishment. The intent is to get everybody the shelter that they need. It just doesnt seem like impounding somebodys vehicle, charging them many, many dollars to get it back when they dont have much money to start with, it just seems like, how does that help . Whats the value of that . Brangham judging by the proliferation of tv shows, miniseries and podcasts about our legal system, youd think jury trials are the norm. But a new analysis of federal court cases indicates that the trend is actually moving in a different direction. A story in the New York Times last sunday showed, in 1997, of the 63,000 federal defendants, 3,200 were convicted in jury trials. But by 2015, even as the number of federal defendants grew to 81,000, jury convictions dropped by half to just 1,650. Reporter benjamin wiser wrote the story and joins me now from maine to help us understand whats going on. So, benjamin what is driving this decline . There appear to be a lot of reasons. People particularly pointed out to me the sentencing guidelines which Congress Passed a number of years ago, mandatory minimum sentences which set a floor for certain crimes under which someone cannot receive a sentence. And as a result, there was at least, for a period and remains, an spentive that drives many defendants to decide that it you know, after a riskbenefit analysis, that it makes much more sense to plead guilty and take their resks at perhaps getting a lower sentence than if they go to trial and are convicted. Brangham is there a down side to this . Just offhand, i can imagine some pretty considerable savings to taxpayers if we dont have an endless amount of jury trials going on. Whats the down side here . You know, the most patrol issue that people pointed out to me, including a number of judges, is that so much in the criminal Jus