mr. putin and his generals often write, and this is an american paraphrase of russian war, it's not perfect. what they talk about is that nuclear weapons are a logical extension of the conventional battlefield. in the west, we see it completely different. we see nuclear weapons and a category separate and we don't see them as a part of the conventional battlefield, but mr. putin knows he cannot stand up against a fully generated nato force and so he uses this, this tool to give us pause, and right now i think that is one of the largest pieces that our leaders are deterred. they are deterred in almost any action. i heard a very senior leader on the news this morning talking about defensive weapons. must have said five times, defensive, defensive, defensive. so i guess the message is, that it's okay for russia to use