Hitler's Folly: Why Didn't German U-Boats Succeed?
In the end, the defeat of the U-boats really came down to a numbers game. On the evening of October 13, 1939, the German submarine surfaced off the Orkney Islands in the North Sea. Lt. Cmdr. Gunther Prien, a promising U-boat commander, pulled himself up on the bridge. He soon discovered that, although weather conditions were near perfect, the Aurora Borealis had made its appearance, illuminating half of the horizon and threatening to make the boat’s presence known. This was the first command for the 31-year-old Prien, who had been chosen by Rear Admiral Karl Dönitz, head of the German subm...