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At the interface of law, science and policy, this study is centred on the scientific and technical criteria adopted for the identification of sensitive marine and coastal areas, the role of international law and the adequacy of scientific evidence. It uses the South China Sea (SCS) as a case-study the basis that it is (1) a regional sea which is not protected under any binding regional instrument -this makes international law particularly relevant for direct implementation; and (2) a regional sea whose resources are subjected to intense and often competing uses in a politically and ecologicall...

Prof Judith Gobin We must not forget that 71 per cent of our planet is covered by ocean and 64 per cent of that total – is considered as Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ); that is, lying outside of the exclusive economic zones (EEZs) of countries. ABNJ belongs truly to “no one,” but yet to

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Abstract The Salas y Gómez and Nazca ridges are two seamount chains of volcanic origin, which include over 110 seamounts that collectively stretch across over 2,900 km in the southeastern Pacific. Ecosystems in this region are isolated by the Atacama Trench, the Humboldt Current System, and an extreme oxygen minimum zone. This isolation has produced a unique biodiversity that is marked by one of the highest levels of marine endemism on Earth. These areas also provide important habitats and ecological stepping stones for whales, sea turtles, corals, and a multitude of other ecologically impor...