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The lung is one of the tissues most sensitive to radiation in the human body. People exposed to high radiation doses following nuclear incidents develop radiation-induced lung injury (RILI), which affects the function of many cell types in the lung, causing acute and sustained inflammation, and in the longer term, the thickening and scarring of lung tissue known as fibrosis.
<p>Researchers have developed a human <em>in vitro</em> model that closely mimics the complexities of radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) and radiation dose sensitivity of the human lung. Using a previously developed microfluidic human Lung Alveolus Chip lined by human lung alveolar epithelial cells interfaced with lung capillary cells to recreate the alveolar-capillary interface <em>in vitro</em>, the researchers recapitulated many of the hallmarks of RILI, including radiation-induced DNA damage in lung tissue, cell-specific changes in...
A growing repertoire of cell and molecule-based immunotherapies is offering patients with indomitable cancers new hope by mobilizing their immune systems against tumor cells.
T cell bispecific antibodies (TCBs) are an emerging class of immunotherapeutics with several TCBs approved by the FDA for the treatment of leukemias, lymphomas, and myelomas. TCBs label tumor cells with one of their ends, and attract immune cells with another end to coerce them into tumor cell killing. However, one major challenge in the development of TCBs are “on-target, off-tumor” toxicities at sites in the body that also express TCB-targeted antigens. A new collaboration of Jennifer Lewis’ group and researchers from the Roche Innovation Centers in Switzerland and Germany now created ...
Patients with melanoma, the most concerning form of skin cancer in which pigment-producing cells start to grow out of control, can benefit from existing immunotherapies, but by far not all of them do.