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The Burden of Musculoskeletal Diseases in the United States (BMUS). Third ed. 2014. 9. Lo J, Chan L, Flynn S. A systematic review of the incidence, prevalence, costs, and activity and work limitations of amputation, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, back pain, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, stroke, and traumatic brain injury in the United States: a 2019 Update. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2021;102(1):115–131. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2020.04.001 10. Puig-Junoy J, Ruiz Zamora A. Socio-economic costs of osteoarthritis: a systematic review of cost-of-illness studies. Semin Arthritis Rheum...

163 are also involved in resistance to cisplatin, temozolomide and 5-fluorouracil via altering glycolysis in gastric cancer, glioblastoma and CRC, respectively. Interestingly, Fu et al reported that lncRNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) maintains Myc expression in Sjögren’s syndrome. This expression regulates proliferation and immune effects of CD4 + T cells by controlling glycolytic metabolism. 164 Investigating the role of the PVT1-T cell glycolysis axis in tumor models may provide a novel insight for improving T cell-based immunotherapy. The important role of lncRNAs-mediat...

More than thirty years after discovering Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) as the first maternally inherited disease associated with homoplasmic mtDNA mutations, we still struggle to achieve effective therapies. LHON is characterized by selective degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and is the most frequent mitochondrial disease, which leads to blindness young people, in particular males. Despite the causative mutations are present in all tissues, yet only a specific cell type is affected. Our deep understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms in LHON is hampered by the lack o...

* 1Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States 2Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States 4Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States Background: Endothelial cells (ECs) play a critical role in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis and in heart function. It was shown t...