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NIAID establishes a clinical research network to improve understanding of childhood asthma

NIAID establishes a clinical research network to improve understanding of childhood asthma
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NIH establishes new childhood asthma clinical research network

WHAT:
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health, has awarded $10 million in first-year funding to establish a clinical research network called Childhood Asthma in Urban Settings (CAUSE). This nationwide network will conduct observational studies and clinical trials to improve understanding of asthma and develop treatment and prevention approaches tailored to children of low-income families living in urban communities. NIAID intends to provide approximately $70 million over seven years to support the CAUSE network.
This new initiative extends and expands NIAID's long-standing efforts to better understand and reduce the disproportionate burden of asthma among children living in low-income urban environments. Since 1991, NIAID has sponsored a series of research programs conducted in urban areas where pediatric asthma is prevalent and severe. Among many accomplishments, NIAID-funded research found that exposure to cockroach allergen is a major risk factor for severe asthma in urban children and that programs to decrease exposures to cockroaches and other household allergens reduce children's asthma symptoms and health care visits. Researchers also established that omalizumab, a drug that reduces immunoglobulin E, can prevent seasonal asthma attacks. In addition, scientists identified molecular pathways that evolve in the nasal passages of children with asthma who had colds that led to asthma attacks.

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American Lung Association to Reduce Asthma-related ER and Hospital Visits for Communities Most Burdened by Asthma

Press release content from PR Newswire. The AP news staff was not involved in its creation.
American Lung Association to Reduce Asthma-related ER and Hospital Visits for Communities Most Burdened by Asthma
April 8, 2021 GMT
American Lung Association logo (PRNewsfoto/American Lung Association)
CHICAGO, April 8, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- In the U.S., 24.8 million people are living with asthma, including 5.5 million children. Without proper management of the disease, asthma symptoms can worsen and result in asthma attacks, emergency department and hospital visits. While asthma affects all people, the burden is not shared equally, with children and low-income individuals most likely to have asthma and suffer from severe asthma attacks, hospitalization and even death. Asthma morbidity and mortality also disproportionately affects Black and Hispanic individuals. In an effort to improve health and prevent asthma-related emergency department and hospital visits, especially for those most impacted, the American Lung Association is expanding its asthma intervention work with support from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

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Air pollution takes an enormous toll on health in the San Francisco Bay Area, study shows

Air pollution takes an enormous toll on health in the San Francisco Bay Area, study shows
New research published today in the journal
Environmental Health Perspectives from Environmental Defense Fund and the George Washington University shows air pollution takes an enormous toll on health in the San Francisco Bay Area, and the impacts vary dramatically within neighborhoods. The magnitude of the health burden from pollution demonstrates the need for urgent action to cut air pollution and protect health, particularly in areas facing the highest impacts.
The analysis estimated that exposure to particle pollution (soot) resulted in more than 3,000 deaths and 5,500 new childhood asthma cases every year in the Bay Area. Exposure to the traffic-related pollutant nitrogen dioxide also had alarming health impacts, resulting in more than 2,500 deaths and 5,200 new childhood asthma cases every year. While the impacts of these pollutants are not additive, the findings illustrate the massive harm caused by air pollution to adults and children in cities.

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Diverse patient population helps identify gene variant associated with childhood asthma

Diverse patient population helps identify gene variant associated with childhood asthma
Researchers at Henry Ford Health System, as part of a national asthma collaborative, have identified a gene variant associated with childhood asthma that underscores the importance of including diverse patient populations in research studies.
The study is published in the print version of the
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.
For 14 years researchers have known that a casual variant for early onset asthma resides on chromosome 17, which holds one of the most highly replicated and significant genetic associations with asthma. Henry Ford researchers acknowledged they would not have identified it in this study without a diverse patient population that included African Americans, many from the metro Detroit area.

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Patients and carers views must be involved in the rollout of precision medicine

Patients and carers views must be involved in the rollout of precision medicine
December 15, 2020
The sequencing of the human genome has begun to enhance our understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying chronic diseases, for example asthma. The twentieth century model of asthma management is often that of a generic disease with grades of severity, treated by adding layer on layer of medicine. However, the discoveries that follow from the description of the human genome are influencing our thinking. They are enriching the established milieu with additional information about new individual pathways, urging us to move “
from mostly one-size-fits-all treatment to genuinely personalized care.” [1] We may soon have the power to decide whether or not we can let this novel information fine-tune the management of chronic diseases in wider populations.

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