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<strong>Other lives:</strong> Scholar of later medieval French history and head of the history department at Liverpool University

The Medieval English Coins of the Wars of the Roses   The late medieval monarchies of Europe were fundamentally fragile and prone to civil disorder. Political stability and harmony depended ultimately on the personal capacity of individual kings. In the second half of the fifteenth century, the western kingdoms all endured upheaval and civil war as a result of disputed, ineffective or overbearing rule… [1] France, the English king Henry V died suddenly on August 31, 1422 at the age of 35, leaving an infant son of the same name. Unlike his father, Henry VI proved to be timid, mentally uns...