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Enterovirus detection in different regions of Madagascar reveals a higher abundance of enteroviruses of species C in areas where several outbreaks of vaccine-derived polioviruses occurred | BMC Infectious Diseases

Poliomyelitis outbreaks due to pathogenic vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) are threatening and complicating the global polio eradication initiative. Most of these VDPVs are genetic recombinants with non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) of species C. Little is known about factors favoring this genetic macroevolution process. Since 2001, Madagascar has experienced several outbreaks of poliomyelitis due to VDPVs, and most of VDPVs were isolated in the south of the island. The current study explored some of the viral factors that can promote and explain the emergence of recombinant VDPVs in Madagascar. Between May to August 2011, we collected stools from healthy children living in two southern and two northern regions of Madagascar. Virus isolation was done in RD, HEp-2c, and L20B cell lines, and enteroviruses were detected using a wide-spectrum 5ʹ-untranslated region RT-PCR assay. NPEVs were then sequenced for the VP1 gene used for viral genotyping. Overall, we collected 1309 stools, ....

United Kingdom , Languedoc Roussillon , Beckman Coulter Genomics Company Genewiz , Global Polio Laboratory Network , Modified Eagle Medium , Polio Laboratory Network , Intratypic Detection , Roche Diagnostics , Beckman Coulter Genomics Company , Genewiz Company , Codoncode Aligner , Maximum Likelihood ,

Frontiers | Size Matters: The CAG Repeat Length of the Androgen Receptor Gene, Testosterone, and Male Adolescent Depression Severity

There is a distinct increase in the prevalence of depression with the onset of puberty. The role of peripubertal testosterone levels in boys in this context is insufficiently understood and may be modulated by a functional polymorphism of the androgen receptor gene (AR), a variable number of CAG repeats. Moreover, there is preliminary evidence that the relationship between testosterone, CAG repeat length, and the severity of depressive symptoms may differ between subclinical and overt depression, but this has neither been studied in a clinical sample of adolescents with depression nor compared between subclinical and overt depression in an adequately powered study. To investigate the relationship between free testosterone, CAG repeat length of the AR, depression status (subclinical vs. overt), and the severity of depressive symptoms, 118 boys treated as in- or daycare patients at a single psychiatric hospital were studied. Of these, 73 boys had at least mild depressive symptoms accordi ....

New York , United States , Nordrhein Westfalen , Eteläuomen Läi , Van Houtte , Flexigene Qiagen , Wiebke Diesner , Kurthbm Referenzperzentile , Deutschland Ki , Jens Bauer , Nat Neurosci , Rr Core Team , Mental Health , Ethics Committee No , University Hospital Essen , Millerr Association , Clinical Scientist Program , Software Impacts , Ethics Committee Of The University Duisburg , Adolesc Health , University Bochum , German Research Foundation , Department Of Child , Department Of Pediatrics , Adolescent Psychiatry , Klinikum Essen ,