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University of Minnesota Medical School identifies placental protein as possible birthweight regulator

New findings from the University of Minnesota Medical School are helping uncover why some people are more likely to be overweight and develop Type 2 diabetes and it starts in the womb. ....

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Pinpointing how cancer cells turn aggressive

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IMAGE: Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania used a novel technique based on the CRIPSR-Cas9 system to precisely track the lineage of cancer cells. They found that that one clone (represented.
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Credit: University of Pennsylvania
It s often cancer s spread, not the original tumor, that poses the disease s most deadly risk.
And yet metastasis is one of the most poorly understood aspects of cancer biology, says Kamen Simeonov, an M.D.-Ph.D. student at the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine.
In a new study, a team led by Simeonov and School of Veterinary Medicine professor Christopher Lengner has made strides toward deepening that understanding by tracking the development of metastatic cells. Their work used a mouse model of pancreatic cancer and cutting-edge techniques to trace the lineage and gene expression patterns of individual cancer cells. They found a spectrum of aggression in the cells that a ....

Beth Martin , Jay Shendure , Kamen Simeonov , Meganl Clark , Christopher Lengner , Robertj Nogard , Aaron Mckenna , Benz Stanger , Shipley Foundation Program For Innovation , University Of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine , University Of Pennsylvania School Veterinary Medicine , National Institutes Of Health , School Of Veterinary Medicine , Perelman School Of Medicine , University Of Washington , School Of Arts Sciences , Dartmouth Geisel School Of Medicine , Blavatnik Family Fellowship In Biomedical Research , Allen Discovery Center , Penn Medical Science Training Program , Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Department Of Biomedical Sciences , Pennsylvania Perelman School , Veterinary Medicine , Cancer Cell , Biomedical Sciences ,

Solving mystery of the four-headed echidna penis

Credit: Picture: Jane Fenelon
Scientists from the University of Melbourne and University of Queensland have revealed the mystery behind the unique reproductive parts of the much-loved echidna.
In the paper, The Unique Penile Morphology of the Short-Beaked Echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus , the team detail how the male monotreme s testes never descend, have no scrotum, and when not in use, their penis is stored internally.
They also detail how the echidna penis has four heads, which are actually rosette-like glans at the end. Just two of the four glans ever become functional during erection and which glans are functional appears to alternate between subsequent erections. ....

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A link between childhood stress and early molars

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Early in her career neuroscientist Allyson Mackey began thinking about molars. As a researcher who studies brain development, she wanted to know whether when these teeth arrived might indicate early maturation in children.
I ve long been concerned that if kids grow up too fast, their brains will mature too fast and will lose plasticity at an earlier age. Then they ll go into school and have trouble learning at the same rate as their peers, says Mackey, an assistant professor in the Department of Psychology at Penn. Of course, not every kid who experiences stress or [is] low income will show this pattern of accelerated development. ....

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Rice fish model of a rare metabolic disorder

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IMAGE: In Alg mutant embryos, rod cells are initially born but not maintained and undergo programmed cell death indicated in magenta (TUNEL staining).
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Credit: Clara Becker.
Human cells are kept healthy by the activity of millions of proteins. These proteins are modified in different ways, such as by adding sugar molecules to them, which can be crucial for them to function properly. Given this importance, defects in the sugar-adding process are often lethal at the very early stages of development. In rare cases, however, patients can develop sugar-adding deficiencies that result in a range of metabolic diseases, known collectively as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). These disorders are caused by defects in the enzymes involved in the sugar-adding process. For example, ALG2-CDG (or CDG-Ii) is a disorder caused by mutations in the ALG2 enzyme, which combines sugar molecules together. ALG2-CDG patients appear unaffected at bir ....

Joachim Wittbrodt , Thomas Thumberger , Centre For Organismal , Professor Joachim Wittbrodt , Organismal Studies , Developmental Reproductive Biology , Metabolism Metabolic Diseases , ஜேயொவாகிம் விட்திப்ரொடட் , மையம் க்கு ஒர்கனிஸ்மால் , ஒர்கனிஸ்மால் ஆய்வுகள் ,