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"Shape up and Ship out: Do Bt-Resistant Corn Earworm Moths, Helicoverpa" by Sarah Barclay

Evolution of resistance within insects to pest control has frequently resulted in changes to the organism’s morphotype, including changes in wing shape. By measuring these changes, it is possible to distinguish resistant from non-resistant populations. Geometric morphometrics (GM) quantifies morphological variation within and among populations, it has been used in previous studies to identify changes in morphotype and distinguish between resistant and non-resistant populations of insects. Helicoverpa Zea (corn earworm) is one of the most economically damaging pests for crops across the United States of America. Infestations of H. zea annually migrate from southern USA to the north, causing damage to almost all agricultural crops in its path. Although corn (Zea mays) is the preferred host and thus the most affected by this insect. A common strategy to manage this pest is the use of Bt Corn; genetically modified corn that produces the Bt toxins. Cry proteins (Cry1AF and Cry1B) are the ....

South Carolina , United States , North Carolina , Helicoverpa Zea , Principal Component Analysis , Canonical Variate Analysis , Discriminant Function Analysis , Eometric Morphometrics , Hit Corn , Ing Morphology ,

"Covariants of Gemination in Eastern Andalusian Spanish: /t/ following " by Alfredo Herrero de Haro and John Hajek

In Eastern Andalusian Spanish, consonants are deleted in syllable-final position, triggering regular gemination of a following consonant, even across word boundaries. This paper investigates five underlying phonemic contexts involving /t/, including singleton /t/ and four different underlying /C+t/ sequences that typically surface as [t:], by analyzing how durational and formant differences vary depending on the presence and identity of the preceding underlying consonant. Following the acoustic and statistical analyses of 444 instances of /ˈeta/, /ˈesta/, /ˈekta/, /ˈepta/ and /ˈeksta/, a Discriminant Function Analysis shows that differences in the total duration of /t/ and in the duration of the closure of /t/ are the strongest cues to distinguishing singletons from geminated consonants, with 91.9% and 90.6% accurate classifications, respectively. Cues indicating which specific consonants have been deleted before /t/ are much less robust and more varied in nature. It is unclear, h ....

Eastern Andalusian Spanish , Discriminant Function Analysis , Consonant Deletion , Urational Differences , Eastern Andalusian Spanish , Owel Formants ,

"Covariants of Gemination in Eastern Andalusian Spanish: /t/ following " by Alfredo Herrero de Haro

In Eastern Andalusian Spanish, consonants are deleted in syllable-final position, triggering regular gemination of a following consonant, even across word boundaries. This paper investigates five underlying phonemic contexts involving /t/, including singleton /t/ and four different underlying /C+t/ sequences that typically surface as [t:], by analyzing how durational and formant differences vary depending on the presence and identity of the preceding underlying consonant. Following the acoustic and statistical analyses of 444 instances of /ˈeta/, /ˈesta/, /ˈekta/, /ˈepta/ and /ˈeksta/, a Discriminant Function Analysis shows that differences in the total duration of /t/ and in the duration of the closure of /t/ are the strongest cues to distinguishing singletons from geminated consonants, with 91.9% and 90.6% accurate classifications, respectively. Cues indicating which specific consonants have been deleted before /t/ are much less robust and more varied in nature. It is unclear, h ....

Eastern Andalusian Spanish , Discriminant Function Analysis ,