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"Shape up and Ship out: Do Bt-Resistant Corn Earworm Moths, Helicoverpa" by Sarah Barclay

Evolution of resistance within insects to pest control has frequently resulted in changes to the organism’s morphotype, including changes in wing shape. By measuring these changes, it is possible to distinguish resistant from non-resistant populations. Geometric morphometrics (GM) quantifies morphological variation within and among populations, it has been used in previous studies to identify changes in morphotype and distinguish between resistant and non-resistant populations of insects. Helicoverpa Zea (corn earworm) is one of the most economically damaging pests for crops across the United States of America. Infestations of H. zea annually migrate from southern USA to the north, causing damage to almost all agricultural crops in its path. Although corn (Zea mays) is the preferred host and thus the most affected by this insect. A common strategy to manage this pest is the use of Bt Corn; genetically modified corn that produces the Bt toxins. Cry proteins (Cry1AF and Cry1B) are the ....

South Carolina , United States , North Carolina , Helicoverpa Zea , Principal Component Analysis , Canonical Variate Analysis , Discriminant Function Analysis , Eometric Morphometrics , Hit Corn , Ing Morphology ,