Why France has a complex relationship with religion
Laicite is embodied to the national soul of France along with liberte, egalite, fraternite
Source: gulfnews.com
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Islamophobia in Europe - International Viewpoint - online socialist magazine
Monday 3 May 2021, by Joseph Daher While Islamophobia, connected to forms of anti-Arab racisms and colonial and imperial histories, certainly existed prior to 2000, it exploded in Western countries after the attacks of September 11, 2001 by the jihadist organization al-Qaida. A new enemy had been found and laws discriminating against Muslim populations blossomed in Europe, North America and Australia, but also elsewhere, such as in India, Russia and China. Western states built up Muslims as a dangerous “other” in the wake of the 9/11 attacks. The so-called “War on Terror” helped the ...
Source: internationalviewpoint.org