Steel was already in use in parts of Europe during Bronze Age: study
It was considered by most that steel had only become widespread in Europe under the Roman Empire
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It was considered by most that steel had only become widespread in Europe under the Roman Empire
It turns out our Bronze Age ancestors in Portugal were already using steel tools 2,900 years ago! Who says they weren't ahead of their time?
Until recently, it was assumed that it wasn't possible to produce suitable quality steel until the Roman Empire.
Until recently, it was assumed that it wasn't possible to produce suitable quality steel until the Roman Empire.
The Oxus Civilisation (or Bactrio-Margian Archaeological Complex BMAC) was the main archaeological culture of the Bronze Age in Southern Central Asia. Paleogenetic analyses were previously conducted mainly on samples from the eastern part of BMAC. The population associated with BMAC descends from local Chalcolithic populations, with some outliers of steppe or South-Asian descent. Here, we present new genome-wide data for one individual from Ulug-depe (Turkmenistan), one of the main BMAC sites, located at the southwestern edge of the BMAC. We demonstrate that this individual genetically belongs...