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WASHINGTON, D.C. – Leaders of four of the five Oklahoma-based so-called Five Civilized Tribes reported to a United States Senate panel last week that they have made little to no advances in granting Freedmen citizenship in their tribal nations.
Muscogee Nation art curator Laura Marshall Clark showcases the melding of cultures in her exhibition, Chief, Clans, & Kin.
When it was all over, about one-third of the women of the territory were widows, and 14% of children were orphans.
Oklahoma’s five largest tribes split Wednesday on the terms of treaties signed more than 150 years ago regarding their treatment of descendants of their former slaves, and on what those treaties require.
The descendants of formerly enslaved tribal citizens have been fighting on a rocky legal path for two decades for their right to be citizens.