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Hypoxia signaling pathway could lead to COVID-19 treatments Researchers in Spain have demonstrated that studying the hypoxia signaling pathway could provide opportunities for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The team conducted a study showing that hypoxic (oxygen-deficient) conditions reduced the expression of host cell receptors for the causative agent – severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Hypoxic conditions reduced expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) – the primary host cell receptor required for viral attachment and entry. They als...

Study monitors spatial shifts of liver gene expression in relationship to the circadian clock Nothing in biology is static. Biological processes fluctuate over time, and if we are to put together an accurate picture of cells, tissues, organs etc., we have to take into account their temporal patterns. In fact, this effort has given rise to an entire field of study known as "chronobiology". The liver is a prime example. Everything we eat or drink is eventually processed there to separate nutrients from waste and regulate the body's metabolic balance. In fact, the liver as a whole is extensively...

Study shows how intestinal stem cells constantly renew and give rise to specialized cell types The gut plays a central role in the regulation of the body's metabolism and its dysfunction is associated with a variety of diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, colitis and colorectal cancer that affect millions of people worldwide. Targeting endocrine dysfunction at an early stage by stimulating the formation of specific enteroendocrine cells from intestinal stem cells could be a promising regenerative approach for diabetes therapy. For this, however, a detailed understanding of the intestinal stem...

Researchers identify biomarkers in sperm for paternal offspring autism susceptibility Biomarkers in human sperm have been identified that can indicate a propensity to father children with autism spectrum disorder. These biomarkers are epigenetic, meaning they involve changes to molecular factors that regulate genome activity such as gene expression independent of DNA sequence, and can be passed down to future generations. In a study published in the journal Clinical Epigenetics on Jan. 7, researchers identified a set of genomic features, called DNA methylation regions, in sperm samples from ...

New approach can help identify novel treatments for autoimmune diseases A team of researchers led by the Indiana Biosciences Research Institute Diabetes Center's Scientific Director Decio L. Eizirik, MD, Ph.D., has found that identifying new treatments for autoimmune diseases requires studying together the immune system and target tissues. This study, "Gene expression signatures of target tissues in type 1 diabetes, lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis," is featured in the Jan. 6, 2021, edition of Science Advances. We must move away from the present "immune-centr...