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As Israel grapples with fundamental questions of identity and societal fissures years in the making, Iran and its Axis of Resistance continue to employ their escalation-ready approach of pushing the envelope in multiple geographic theaters, launching cyber operations to foment disunity in Israeli society, and attempting to neutralize the regional gains Israel has made after signing the Abraham Accords with several Arab neighbors in 2020.

In the 1950s-1970s, the bilateral relationship between Israel and pre-revolutionary Iran provided a road map for the process leading to a normalization in ties between the Jewish state and Arab countries in the 2020s.

Jason M. Brodsky is currently the policy director of United Against Nuclear Iran (UANI), where he manages its research and writing portfolios. He is also a non-resident scholar at the Middle East Institute’s Iran Program.

Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) is at its core an ideological army, not a national one, and its notorious enmity toward Israel is an aberration in Iranian history. But many Israelis to this day think Iran could be a natural partner as long as the country gave up its pursuit of ideologically driven regional dominance, disavow calls for the destruction of Israel, and were instead to again allow the regular army, the Artesh, to pursue Iranian national interests.

During Iranian Foreign Minister Hossein Amir-Abdollahian’s visit to Moscow in late March, Tehran and Moscow once again reiterated their determination to unveil a new 20-year “strategic cooperation agreement” in the near future. Iran and Russia had signed such an agreement back in 2001, which expired in 2021. The next 20-year agreement will very likely center not just around deeper economic cooperation but also military ties, as evident from the growing Iran-Russia relationship in this area.