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This study examines Cho & Demmans Epp’s short-form adaptation of Rovai’s well-known Classroom Community Scale (CCS-SF) as a measure of classroom community among introductory undergraduate math and statistics students. A series of statistical analyses were conducted to investigate the validity of the CCS-SF for this new population. Data were collected from 351 students enrolled in 21 online classes, offered for credit in Fall 2020 and Spring 2021 at a private university in the United States. Further confirmatory analysis was conducted with data from 128 undergraduates enrolled in 13 in-...

Background: Persuasive design principles are increasingly employed in mHealth apps for motivating users and promoting healthy behaviours among individuals. However, how the persuasive design principles are perceived by the mHealth app users remains unclear. Aim: To develop and validate the content validity of an instrument designed to measure the user's perceptions of the persuasive design principles assimilated in a breastfeeding mHealth app. Methods: A critical review of the literature guided the development of the research instrument. The developed instrument was refined and validated ...