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The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected certain groups, such as older people (ie, >65 years), minority ethnic populations, and people with specific chronic conditions including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and some respiratory diseases. There is now evidence of not only direct but also indirect adverse effects of COVID-19 in people with diabetes. Recurrent lockdowns and public health measures throughout the pandemic have restricted access to routine diabetes care, limiting new diagnoses, and affecting self-management, routine follow-ups, and access to medi...

An intensive treatment strategy of rapid up-titration of guideline-directed medication and close follow-up after an acute heart failure admission was readily accepted by patients because it reduced symptoms, improved quality of life, and reduced the risk of 180-day all-cause death or heart failure readmission compared with usual care.

Noakes proceeds with the timeline of the concretisation of Keys’ Twin Hypotheses as fact, picking up in 1968 when cholesterol was further demonised.

Thomas L Petty was the founder of modern long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT).1 In 1967, Petty's group published the seminal study of six patients with severe chronic airway obstruction, in whom LTOT improved clinical status, exercise capacity, secondary erythrocythemia, and pulmonary hypertension.2 Notably, all patients had severe hypoxaemia (partial pressure of oxygen [PaO2] 41·5–46·5 mm Hg) and four patients were severely hypercapnic (partial pressure of carbon dioxide [PaCO2] 55·0–61·5 mm Hg). Thereafter, two randomised controlled trials that were initiated in the 1970s established a cl...

Noakes continues with Keys’ cholesterol con starting in 1960 with a study, the principal investigators of which were all infected with confirmation bias.