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PRIVATE car parks have managed to escape statutory regulation for far too long – but that’s about to change. This is a significant business sector with operators managing car parks for supermarkets, retail shopping centres and fast-food outlets. Private companies issue five million parking notices to UK motorists every year. The sector has enjoyed self-regulation with trade associations operating voluntary codes of practice and appeals. Typically, private parking charges are issued at £100, with a reduction to £60 if full payment is made within 14 days. If a parking notice isn�...

The Civil Procedure Rules govern the procedures used in civil courts in England and Wales.

Summary Whether prosecuting or defending litigation, the associated costs can be, and often are, significant.  Any comfort that might be drawn from the possibility of recovering an element of those costs from the losing adversary may be qualified by the risk of that losing party ultimately being unable to pay.  For those reasons, applying for security for costs, by which a party is ordered to make a payment into court, or provide some form of guarantee, as security for its opponent's costs, will be a consideration for many litigants, and litigators, at some stage in the life of a claim.