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10 Another study noted that E. coli were 90%, 16.7%, 10% and 13.3% resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, nitrofurantoin, gentamicin and ceftriaxone, respectively. The resistance rates for K. pneumoniae were 72.7%, 33.3% and 0% for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, nitrofurantoin and ceftriaxone respectively. 8 The prevalence of asymptomatic UTI and its resistance pattern in non-pregnant PLHIV in this context is not well known. According to the Tanzanian standard treatment guideline of 2017, UTI in the general population is treated by ciprofloxacin with the exception of pregnant women and adolescents who are treated with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Referral to a high level of health facility is recommended for patients with acute pyelonephritis and the following characteristics: a) presence of vomiting, sepsis and known diabetes mellitus or b) pregnant women, women beyond reproductive age and in men. Before referral these patients receive ceftriaxone 50–80 m ....