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Fossil endocasts record features of brains from the past: size, shape, vasculature, and gyrification. These data, alongside experimental and comparative evidence, are needed to resolve questions about brain energetics, cognitive specializations, and developmental plasticity. Through the application of interdisciplinary techniques to the fossil record, paleoneurology has been leading major innovations. Neuroimaging is shedding light on fossil brain organization and behaviors. Inferences about the development and physiology of the brains of extinct species can be experimentally investigated thro...

Tens of thousands of years before modern humans dominion over the planet, there they were on a Laotian mountaintop. Though, it seems their lineages went extinct

Tens of thousands of years before modern humans dominion over the planet, there they were on a Laotian mountaintop. Though, it seems their lineages went extinct

Homo sapiens remains found ‘sandwiched’ between layers of Neanderthal habitation in Rhone Valley cave push back the clock on earliest known arrival of modern humans in Europe by 10,000 years

    Do terrestrial geomagnetic field reversals have an effect on Earth's climate? Cooper et al.created a precisely dated radiocarbon record around the time of the Laschamps geomagnetic reversal about 41,000 years ago from the rings of New Zealand swamp kauri trees. This record reveals a substantial increase in the carbon-14 content of the atmosphere culminating during the period of weakening magnetic field strength preceding the polarity switch. The authors modeled the consequences of this event and concluded that the geomagnetic field minimum caused substantial changes in atmospheri...