The Pleistocene archaeological record of mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA) is difficult to interpret, due to a sparsity of dated sites and a lithic record that is ill-suited to typological analysis. These challenges are compounded by the poorly constrained effects of tropical environments upon the deposition, preservation and degradation of archaeological cave sediments. These uncertainties restrict the interpretative potential of archaeological investigations, but the development of a rigorous, geoarchaeological framework of interpretation that is tailored to tropical cave sites offers an opport...