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黑洞艺术形象电影《星际穿越》剧照 黑洞面积定理的提出在黑洞研究史上非常重要，此后物理学家们开启了黑洞热力学的研究，提出了非常黑洞熵、霍金辐射等多个与黑洞有关的重要理论。但多年来，物理学家们只是利用数学方法证实了黑洞面积定理，从未被观测证实过。 直到2015年，美国的激光干涉仪引力波天文台(LIGO)观测到第一个双黑洞合并产生的引力波信号GW150914——两个黑洞相互碰撞产生了一个新黑洞，释放出的巨大能量以引力波的形式在时...
67.4 km/s/Mpc。 另一种用于测量哈勃常数的方法是通过观测附近宇宙中的恒星和星系，然后测量它们与我们的距离以及它们远离我们的速度而得到的。几十年来，弗里德曼一直是使用这种方法测量哈勃常数方面的专家。2001年，她与合作者利用哈勃空间望远镜对 造父变星进行了测量，得到了具有里程碑意义的测量值—— 造父变星是一类亮度会呈周期性的变化的恒星，它们的变明或变暗与其内禀亮度有关。天文学家会通过视差法来计算银河系中造父变星的...
尽管量子力学已经一次又一次地证明了它的预测能力，但这并不能削弱这样一个事实：除了哥本哈根诠释外，科学界还有对量子理论的诸多诠释。 决定，别担心，也许在另一个现实中，你仍然可以获得一个完美的结果。多世界诠释也是经常被流行文化借用的一种。多世界诠释带来了一个问题――它让概率失去了意义。 为了解决多世界诠释在概率上的问题，一些科学家发展出了宇宙学诠释。这种诠释认为，如果有无穷个宇宙，那么多世界...
“Without phosphorus there would be no thought,” observed Jacob Moleschott a 19th-century physiologist and philosopher. Phosphorus is one of the six main elements that make up the human body and an essential element for life as we know it for the creation of DNA, cell membranes, bones and teeth in humans, and even the microbiome of ocean-dwelling plankton–as a possible signature in the search for life in the cosmos. Unlike hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen and calcium, phosphorus is rare. And it is even more scarce elsewhere in the Solar System. The source of its arrival on early ...
American poet Lawrence Ferlinghetti, 1919–2021 Lawrence Ferlinghetti in 1960s (Photo credit–Elsa Dorfman) Ferlinghetti’s poetry provided a glimpse of the restlessness and rebelliousness of generations that emerged from and after the Second World War, who felt strongly the possibilities of global modern life and, at the same time, the terrible constrictedness of the dominant politics and culture in the Cold War era. His work often gave voice to the existing, but suppressed opposition to the established order of those years and sought to unmask, in poetic form, a portion of the actual soc...