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Objective To estimate the excess relative and absolute risks of hospital admissions and emergency department visits for natural causes, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease associated with daily exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at concentrations below the new World Health Organization air quality guideline limit among adults with health insurance in the contiguous US.

Design Case time series study.

Setting US national administrative healthcare claims database.

Participants 50.1 million commercial and Medicare Advantage beneficiaries aged ≥18 years between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2016.

Main outcome measures Daily counts of hospital admissions and emergency department visits for natural causes, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease based on the primary diagnosis code.

Results During the study period, 10.3 million hospital admissions and 24.1 million emergency department visits occurred for natural causes among 50 ....

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