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Scientific Pioneers Break Down Walls to Address Pressing Societal Issues at AAAS Annual Meeting

Scientific Pioneers Break Down Walls to Address Pressing Societal Issues at AAAS Annual Meeting
aaas.org - get the latest breaking news, showbiz & celebrity photos, sport news & rumours, viral videos and top stories from aaas.org Daily Mail and Mail on Sunday newspapers.

Colorado , United-states , Francesca-dominici , Brian-donovan , Melanie-mitchell , Alessandro-roncone , University-of-colorado-boulder , Harvard-data-science-initiative , Santa-fe-institute , Public-health , Colorado-boulder , Policy-forum

How Air Pollution Affects Our Brains | Harvard Magazine

How Air Pollution Affects Our Brains | Harvard Magazine
harvardmagazine.com - get the latest breaking news, showbiz & celebrity photos, sport news & rumours, viral videos and top stories from harvardmagazine.com Daily Mail and Mail on Sunday newspapers.

United-states , Canada , Spain , Boston , Massachusetts , Americans , Marc-weisskopf , Maite-arce , Joseph-allen , Francesca-dominici , Sabrina-shankman , World-health-organization

Air pollution and cardiovascular hospitalization | News | Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health

Air pollution and cardiovascular hospitalization | News | Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
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Boston , Massachusetts , United-states , Adjania-peralta , Francesca-dominici , Yijing-feng , Alexandra-shtein , Xinye-qiu , Edgar-castro , Mahdieh-danesh-yazdi , Maya-brownstein , Harvard-chan

PM2.5 is Linked to Increased Hospitalization Risk in Seniors

A recent study led by Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health suggests that prolonged exposure to fine particulate air pollutants (PM2.5) could heighten the likelihood of seniors being hospitalized for various cardiovascular ailments.

United-states , Yijing-feng , Adjani-peralta , Megan-craig , Francesca-dominici , Xinye-qiu , Mahdieh-danesh-yazdi , Edgar-castro , Joel-schwartz , Alexandra-shtein , National-institutes-of-health , Alfredp-sloan-foundation

Air Pollution May Boost Seniors' Heart Hospitalization Risk

Air Pollution May Boost Seniors' Heart Hospitalization Risk
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Boston , Massachusetts , United-states , Edgar-castro , Adjani-peralta , Adjania-peralta , Yijing-feng , Mahdieh-danesh-yazdi , Alexandra-shtein , Francesca-dominici , Xinye-qiu , Joel-schwartz

Short term exposure to low level ambient fine particulate matter and natural cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory morbidity among US adults with health insurance: case time series study

Objective To estimate the excess relative and absolute risks of hospital admissions and emergency department visits for natural causes, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease associated with daily exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at concentrations below the new World Health Organization air quality guideline limit among adults with health insurance in the contiguous US.

Design Case time series study.

Setting US national administrative healthcare claims database.

Participants 50.1 million commercial and Medicare Advantage beneficiaries aged ≥18 years between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2016.

Main outcome measures Daily counts of hospital admissions and emergency department visits for natural causes, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease based on the primary diagnosis code.

Results During the study period, 10.3 million hospital admissions and 24.1 million emergency department visits occurred for natural causes among 50.1 million adult enrollees across 2939 US counties. The daily PM2.5 levels were below the new WHO guideline limit of 15 μg/m3 for 92.6% of county days (7 360 725 out of 7 949 713). On days when daily PM2.5 levels were below the new WHO air quality guideline limit of 15 μg/m3, an increase of 10 μg/m3 in PM2.5 during the current and previous day was associated with higher risk of hospital admissions for natural causes, with an excess relative risk of 0.91% (95% confidence interval 0.55% to 1.26%), or 1.87 (95% confidence interval 1.14 to 2.59) excess hospital admissions per million enrollees per day. The increased risk of hospital admissions for natural causes was observed exclusively among adults aged ≥65 years and was not evident in younger adults. PM2.5 levels were also statistically significantly associated with relative risk of hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. For emergency department visits, a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 during the current and previous day was associated with respiratory disease, with an excess relative risk of 1.34% (0.73% to 1.94%), or 0.93 (0.52 to 1.35) excess emergency department visits per million enrollees per day. This association was not found for natural causes or cardiovascular disease. The higher risk of emergency department visits for respiratory disease was strongest among middle aged and young adults.

Conclusions Among US adults with health insurance, exposure to ambient PM2.5 at concentrations below the new WHO air quality guideline limit is statistically significantly associated with higher rates of hospital admissions for natural causes, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease, and with emergency department visits for respiratory diseases. These findings constitute an important contribution to the debate about the revision of air quality limits, guidelines, and standards.

No additional data available.

Great-plains , Massachusetts , United-states , Boston , Gregorya-wellenius , Francesca-dominici , Yaguang-wei , Keithr-spangler , Yuantong-sun , Joel-schwartz , Shengzhi-sun , Twitter

Exposure-response associations between chronic exposure to fine particulate matter and risks of hospital admission for major cardiovascular diseases: population based cohort study

Objective To estimate exposure-response associations between chronic exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and risks of the first hospital admission for major cardiovascular disease (CVD) subtypes.

Design Population based cohort study.

Setting Contiguous US.

Participants 59 761 494 Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged ≥65 years during 2000-16. Calibrated PM2.5 predictions were linked to each participant’s residential zip code as proxy exposure measurements.

Main outcome measures Risk of the first hospital admission during follow-up for ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, valvular heart disease, thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms, or a composite of these CVD subtypes. A causal framework robust against confounding bias and bias arising from errors in exposure measurements was developed for exposure-response estimations.

Results Three year average PM2.5 exposure was associated with increased relative risks of first hospital admissions for ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, and thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms. For composite CVD, the exposure-response curve showed monotonically increased risk associated with PM2.5: compared with exposures ≤5 µg/m3 (the World Health Organization air quality guideline), the relative risk at exposures between 9 and 10 µg/m3, which encompassed the US national average of 9.7 µg/m3 during the study period, was 1.29 (95% confidence interval 1.28 to 1.30). On an absolute scale, the risk of hospital admission for composite CVD increased from 2.59% with exposures ≤5 µg/m3 to 3.35% at exposures between 9 and 10 µg/m3. The effects persisted for at least three years after exposure to PM2.5. Age, education, accessibility to healthcare, and neighborhood deprivation level appeared to modify susceptibility to PM2.5.

Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that no safe threshold exists for the chronic effect of PM2.5 on overall cardiovascular health. Substantial benefits could be attained through adherence to the WHO air quality guideline.

The Medicare data are available upon request to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. The originally predicted, grid level PM2.5 data are publicly available at <https://doi.org/10.7927/0rvr-4538>. The calibrated, grid level and zip code level PM2.5 data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. The grid level ozone data are publicly available at <https://doi.org/10.7927/a4mb-4t86>. The grid level nitrogen dioxide data are publicly available at <https://doi.org/10.7927/f8eh-5864>. The zip code level ozone and nitrogen dioxide data are publicly available at <https://doi.org/10.7927/9yp5-hz11>. Data availability that relates to predictors in the PM2.5 modeling and calibration can be referred to Di et al.[21][1] Other covariate data are publicly available with sources described in the manuscript.

[1]: #ref-21

United-states , American , Mahdieh-danesh-yazdi , Edgar-castro , Yijing-feng , Joeld-schwartz , Alexandra-shtein , Xinye-qiu , Adjania-peralta , Francesca-dominici , Yaguang-wei , National-ambient-air-quality-standards

Harvard study links PM2.5 air pollution to increased risk of cardiovascular hospitalization in seniors

Chronic exposure to fine particulate air pollutants (PM2.5) may increase seniors' risk of hospitalization for a variety of cardiovascular conditions, according to a new study led by Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.

Adjani-peralta , Harvard-chan , Alexandra-shtein , Yaguang-wei , Francesca-dominici , Joel-schwartz , Mahdieh-danesh-yazdi , Xinye-qiu , Edgar-castro , Yijing-feng , Alfredp-sloan-foundation , World-health-organization

Chronic exposure to air pollution may increas

<ul>
<li>Chronic exposure to fine particulate air pollutants (PM2.5) may increase seniors’ risk of cardiovascular hospitalization, with disproportionate impacts on residents of socioeconomically deprived neighborhoods.</li>
<li>The findings suggest that to protect heart health, there is no safe threshold for chronic PM2.5 exposure, and that the EPA’s newly updated standard for the U.S.’s annual average PM2.5 level isn’t low enough to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease or protect public health overall.</li>
</ul>

United-states , Boston , Massachusetts , America , Alexandra-shtein , Yaguang-wei , Adjani-peralta , Francesca-dominici , Adjania-peralta , Xinye-qiu , Yijing-feng , Joel-schwartz

How air pollution impacts our brains

How air pollution impacts our brains
harvard.edu - get the latest breaking news, showbiz & celebrity photos, sport news & rumours, viral videos and top stories from harvard.edu Daily Mail and Mail on Sunday newspapers.

Boston , Massachusetts , United-states , Sabrina-shankman , Marc-weisskopf , Francesca-dominici , Maite-arce , Joseph-allen , Hispanic-access-foundation , World-health-organization , Environmental-health , Boston-globe