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Bitcoin mining is a “critical tool” for clean energy and balancing the grid, according to a new working paper penned by Bitcoin advocates and the former…
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Besides producing hydrogen from surplus renewables, electrolyzers can also provide grid ancillary services like enhancing the stability, resilience, and robustness of the power grid. The paper presents a novel electrical circuit model for a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer (PEMEL) that has been validated using experimental data from a 400W electrolyzer. To demonstrate its adaptive capability, the proposed 400W electrical model is scaled up to a 1 MW stack, and this system is validated by comparison to another report of 1 MW stack experimental results. Results show that the developed model...
Intermittency of renewable energy sources can cause greater frequency variations and with no other intervention, the generation reserve capacity of a power system needs to be significantly increased to ensure frequency stability, resulting in increased costs. With appropriate control actions, proton exchange membrane electrolyzers (PEMELs) can be used to regulate power system frequency stability, but their adjustable demand-side response capabilities need to be investigated. This article first introduces the dynamic characteristics of the PEMEL stack to examine the impact of incorporating the ...
This article proposes a real-time, setting-free out-of-step (OOS) protection strategy for a single synchronous generator (SG) connected to a multimachine power system. To do so, the fundamental frequency phasor of the voltage at the generator terminal is measured. It will be shown that at the point of OOS, the imaginary part of the voltage crosses the zero point and becomes negative, whereas the real part of the voltage holds a negative value. On the other hand, it will be shown that during stable power swings, the imaginary part of the voltage behaves as per an OOS event, whereas the real par...