Association between patient-surgeon gender concordance and mortality after surgery in the United States: retrospective observational study
Objective To determine whether patient-surgeon gender concordance is associated with mortality of patients after surgery in the United States. Design Retrospective observational study. Setting Acute care hospitals in the US. Participants 100% of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged 65-99 years who had one of 14 major elective or non-elective (emergent or urgent) surgeries in 2016-19. Main outcome measures Mortality after surgery, defined as death within 30 days of the operation. Adjustments were made for patient and surgeon characteristics and hospital fixed effects (effectively compari...