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Mingling with young researchers last month in Germany, luminaries in computer science debated AI’s potential impact on the future of humanity. HEIDELBERG, Germany—There are few higher educational institutions in this world that are older—and, some argue, more esteemed—than Germany’s Heidelberg University. But there aren’t any others that host an annual gathering of the most celebrated mathematicians and computer scientists of their generations.

The world’s first general purpose computer turns 75 The Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC), built at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering, sparked the ‘birth of the computer age’ thanks to a team of women programmers. Jean Bartik (left) and Frances Spence operating the ENIAC’s main control panel. Bartik was present on the day of ENIAC’s unveiling to the world, and even helped troubleshoot a switch issue the night before its unveiling, but her efforts, and those of ENIAC’s five other women progr...