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Precipitation regime changes in High Mountain Asia driven by cleaner air

High Mountain Asia (HMA) has experienced a spatial imbalance in water resources in recent decades, partly because of a dipolar pattern of precipitation changes known as South Drying–North Wetting1. These changes can be influenced by both human activities and internal climate variability2,3. Although climate projections indicate a future widespread wetting trend over HMA1,4, the timing and mechanism of the transition from a dipolar to a monopolar pattern remain unknown. Here we demonstrate that the observed dipolar precipitation change in HMA during summer is primarily driven by westerly- and monsoon-associated precipitation patterns. The weakening of the Asian westerly jet, caused by the uneven emission of anthropogenic aerosols, favoured a dipolar precipitation trend from 1951 to 2020. Moreover, the phase transition of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation induces an out-of-phase precipitation change between the core region of the South Asian monsoon and southeastern HMA. Under m ....

Tibetan Plateau , China General , United States , United Kingdom , Charles Grifin , Us Geological Survey , Us Geological , Earth Environ , High Mountain Asia , Scientific Assessment , Third Pole Environment , United Nations Environment Programme , Hindu Kush Karakoram Himalaya , Change Res , Climate Change , Indian Region , Springer Singapore , Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation , North American , Physical Science Basis , Third Pole , Arctic Pole , Global Multi Resolution Terrain Elevation Data , Survey Open File Report , Global Precipitation Measurement , High Asia Refined ,

Tropical forests are approaching critical temperature thresholds

The critical temperature beyond which photosynthetic machinery in tropical trees begins to fail averages approximately 46.7 °C (Tcrit)1. However, it remains unclear whether leaf temperatures experienced by tropical vegetation approach this threshold or soon will under climate change. Here we found that pantropical canopy temperatures independently triangulated from individual leaf thermocouples, pyrgeometers and remote sensing (ECOSTRESS) have midday peak temperatures of approximately 34 °C during dry periods, with a long high-temperature tail that can exceed 40 °C. Leaf thermocouple data from multiple sites across the tropics suggest that even within pixels of moderate temperatures, upper canopy leaves exceed Tcrit 0.01% of the time. Furthermore, upper canopy leaf warming experiments (+2, 3 and 4 °C in Brazil, Puerto Rico and Australia, respectively) increased leaf temperatures non-linearly, with peak leaf temperatures exceeding Tcrit 1.3% o ....

United Kingdom , Subasinghe Achchige , Vargas Zeppetello , National Snow , Ice Data Center , National Academy , Cell Environ , Physical Science Basis , National Academy Press , Plant Biol , International Space , Remote Sens , Layer Meteorol , Total Environ , Plant Physiol , Plant Ecol , Scenario Model Intercomparison Project ,