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Integrity and trust in that integrity are fundamental to academic research. However, procedures for monitoring the trustworthiness of research, and for investigating cases where concern about possible data fraud have been raised are not well established. Here we suggest a practical approach for the investigation of work suspected of fraudulent data manipulation using Benford’s Law. This should be of value to both individual peer-reviewers and academic institutions and journals. In this, we draw inspiration from well-established practices of financial auditing. We provide synthesis of the...

It was anticipated more than a century ago that the distribution of real-world observations' first digits would not be uniform but would exhibit a trend where numbers with lower first digits (1,2,...) occur more frequently than those with higher first digits (...,8,9).

Over the past three years, the profession has undergone momentous technological change. This, in turn, means that lawyers’ professional skillsets need to evolve to keep up. OpenAI’s chatbot,

From martian moons to double stars, this historic telescope made its mark on the field.

I’ve written before that Earth’s tilt is 23.5 degrees on its axis. This is the main reason for the seasons we experience.