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In order to continuously promote water conservation efforts to alleviate the pressure of water diversion, water footprint (WF) is used as an effective tool to measure water utilization in the water-receiving areas of the Middle Route and Eastern Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP). The tempo-spatial variations of WF and spatial equilibrium of water footprint intensity (WFI) in the study area are quantified using the Mann–Kandle trend test, Sen’s slope, and Dagum Gini coefficient decomposition method for the years of 2005–2020. The results show that WF ...

The unique ecosystems and biodiversity associated with mid-ocean ridge (MOR) hydrothermal vent systems contrast sharply with surrounding deep-sea habitats, however both may be increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activity (e.g., mining activities at massive sulphide deposits). Climate change can alter the deep-sea through increased bottom temperatures, loss of oxygen, and modifications to deep water circulation. Despite the potential of these profound impacts, the mechanisms enabling these systems and their ecosystems to persist, function and respond to oceanic, crustal, and anthropogenic ...