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Frontiers | Disease burden contributed by dietary exposure to aflatoxins in a mountainous city in Southwest China

Aflatoxins (AFT) identified as a Group 1 human carcinogen naturally contaminate various types of food and could increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through dietary intake. Chongqing municipality is located in Southwest China with subtropical monsoon climate which is conducive to AFT contamination in crops. However, the burden of HCC caused by the dietary exposure of the population in Chongqing to AFT has not been quantified. We estimated the burden of HCC in terms of Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) using FDA-iRISK software. Dietary exposure to AFT in three food categories including grain and its products, nuts and seeds, and spices was assessed. The results indicated that the lifetime average daily dose (LADD) of AFT exposure for the population ranged from 2.40 to 8.25 ng/kg bw/day and 9.51 to 15.10 ng/kg bw/day at the mean and heavy (P95) AFT contamination levels, respectively. Among the three food categories, grain and its products contributed most to AFT exposur ....

United States , Republic Of China , Taiwan General , Nigeria General , Republic Of , Yangtze Delta , China General , City Of , United Kingdom , College Park , Tibet Autonomous Region , Ricardo Assuncao , Dalys Gibb , Zhongguo Kexue , Drug Administration , Centers For Disease , R Foundation For Statistical Computing , China National Food Safety Standard , China Standard , Institute For Food Safety , Technological Innovation Center , Panel On Contaminants , Public Health , China National Standardization Management , Tsinghua University Press China , China Health ,

Vitamin D supplementation and major cardiovascular events: D-Health randomised controlled trial

Objective To investigate whether supplementing older adults with monthly doses of vitamin D alters the incidence of major cardiovascular events.

Design Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial of monthly vitamin D (the D-Health Trial). Computer generated permuted block randomisation was used to allocate treatments.

Setting Australia from 2014 to 2020.

Participants 21 315 participants aged 60-84 years at enrolment. Exclusion criteria were self-reported hypercalcaemia, hyperparathyroidism, kidney stones, osteomalacia, sarcoidosis, taking >500 IU/day supplemental vitamin D, or unable to give consent because of language or cognitive impairment.

Intervention 60 000 IU/month vitamin D3 (n=10 662) or placebo (n=10 653) taken orally for up to five years. 16 882 participants completed the intervention period: placebo 8270 (77.6%); vitamin D 8552 (80.2%).

Main outcome measures The main outcome for this analysis was the occurrence of a maj ....

Northern Territory , United States , North Carolina , Davidc Whiteman , Penelopem Webb , Brucek Armstrong , Rachele Neale , Mary Waterhouse , Peterr Ebeling , Sabbirt Rahman , Alisonj Venn , Duarte Romero , Catherine Baxter , Michaelg Kimlin , Donalds Mcleod , Gunter Hartel , Queensland Health , Research Council , Women Health Initiative Trial , University Of Western Australia , Stata Corp , National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy , National Health , R Foundation For Statistical Computing , Bridie Thompson , D Health Trial ,

Frontiers | Assessment of pesticide residues in vegetables produced in central and eastern Ethiopia

In Ethiopia, pesticides are widely used in vegetable production. However, if used incorrectly they may harm consumers of vegetables contaminated with pesticide residues, as well as producers handling the pesticides and lead to ecological damage. We performed a cross-sectional survey to assess pesticide residues level in vegetables produced in central and eastern Ethiopia. A total of 232 vegetable samples (91 tomatoes, 106 cabbages and 35 Swiss chard) were collected from fields and retail markets, and were screened for 35 pesticides (20 organophosphate, 14 organochlorine and a synergist, piperonyl butoxide) using GC-MS analysis. Pesticides residues were detected in 60% of Swiss chard, 47% of cabbage and 45% of tomato samples. Two or more pesticides were detected in 20% of cabbages, 13% of tomatoes and over half of Swiss chard samples. Bendiocarb, diazinon, endrin, piperonyl butoxide, profenofos and propargite were detected, but only diazinon, propargite and profenofos had residual value ....

Rift Valley , United States , Dire Dawa , United Kingdom , Asir Region , Saudi Arabia , Al Khartum , North Western , Nairobi Area , Ghana General , Adis Abeba , Lake Ziway , Hareri Hizb , Akaki Kality , B Addis Ababa , Tsegaw Woredekal , Addis Ababa Akaki Kality , Addis Ababa , Legetafo Legedadi , Health Research , Environmental Systems Research Institute , Institutional Research Ethics Committee , International Food Policy Research Institute , Rr Core Team , Public Health , Agilent Technologies Inc ,

Abrupt expansion of climate change risks for species globally | Nature Ecology & Evolution

Climate change is already exposing species to dangerous temperatures driving widespread population and geographical contractions. However, little is known about how these risks of thermal exposure will expand across species’ existing geographical ranges over time as climate change continues. Here, using geographical data for approximately 36,000 marine and terrestrial species and climate projections to 2100, we show that the area of each species’ geographical range at risk of thermal exposure will expand abruptly. On average, more than 50% of the increase in exposure projected for a species will occur in a single decade. This abruptness is partly due to the rapid pace of future projected warming but also because the greater area available at the warm end of thermal gradients constrains species to disproportionately occupy sites close to their upper thermal limit. These geographical constraints on the structure of species ranges operate both on land and in the ocean and mean ....

United States , United Kingdom , Armstrong Mckay , Ocean Springer , Contribution Of Working Group , Rr Core Team , R Foundation For Statistical Computing , Species Survival Commission , Change Biol , Plant Biol , List Criteria , North American , World Ocean , Illustrated Catalogue , Cephalopod Species Known , Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase , Model Dev , Climate Change , Physical Science , Sixth Assessment Report , Intergovernmental Panel , Statistical Computing , List Categories ,

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer diagnoses, stage and survival in Alberta

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer diagnoses, stage and survival in Alberta
cmaj.ca - get the latest breaking news, showbiz & celebrity photos, sport news & rumours, viral videos and top stories from cmaj.ca Daily Mail and Mail on Sunday newspapers.

United States , United Kingdom , Armstrong Investigatorship , Dylan Osullivan , Devon Boyne , Daniel Heng , Emily Heer , Darren Brenner , Winson Cheung , Yibing Ruan , Bristol Myers Squibb , R Foundation For Statistical Computing , Cumming School Of Medicine , Alberta Health Services , American Association Of Central Cancer Registries , Alberta Cancer Registry , Gold Certification , North American Association , Central Cancer Registries , Vital Status , Statistics Canada , Supplementary Figure , Statistical Computing , Health Research Ethics Board , Alberta Cancer Committee , Supplementary Table ,