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The Asia Global Institute, Milken Institute and the Digital Standards Initiative launched the Global Trade Modernization Index (GTMI), which assessed economies’ readiness for digital trade across the public and private sectors, as well as labour forc
However, the findings of the survey show that in Zimbabwe the more things change, the more they remain the same.
This paper aims to examine the asymmetric impact of oil price shocks on environmental degradation for a panel of six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries from 1996 to 2016. We use dynamic seemingly unrelated regressions (DSUR) approach that considers cross-sectional dependency to reveal the interrelations between oil price shocks and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The finding shows that the positive shocks of oil prices have a statistically significant negative effect on CO2 emissions, while negative shocks of oil prices did not affect CO2 emissions. More specifically, the positive oil pr...
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Abstract Following Sadorsky (Energy Economics, 2011, 33, 739), we examine the nexus between energy and trade in South Asia in a panel framework using annual data from 1990 to 2015. Given the cross-sectional dependency issue, we use robust second-generation panel econometric methods for the analysis. We find that variables are stationary at the first difference and cointegrated in the long run. The Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality test shows a long-run unidirectional causality from trade openness to energy consumption but not vice versa. Moreover, the panel symmetric and asymmetric estimation...