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The city formula


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(Vienna, March 17, 2021) When complex systems double in size, many of their parts do not. Characteristically, some aspects will grow by only about 80 percent, others by about 120 percent. The astonishing uniformity of these two growth rates is known as scaling laws. Scaling laws are observed everywhere in the world, from biology to physical systems. They also apply to cities. Yet, while a multitude of examples show their presence, reasons for their emergence are still a matter of debate.
A new publication in the
Journal of The Royal Society Interface now provides a simple explanation for urban scaling laws: Carlos Molinero and Stefan Thurner of the ....

Stefan Thurner , Carlos Molinero , Royal Society Interface , Complexity Science Hub Vienna , Earth Science , Energy Sources , Algorithms Models , Calculations Problem Solving , Systems Chaos Pattern Formation Complexity , Climate Change , அரச சமூகம் இடைமுகம் , சிக்கலானது அறிவியல் மையம் வியன்னா , பூமி அறிவியல் , ஆற்றல் ஆதாரங்கள் , கணக்கீடுகள் ப்ராப்லம் தீர்க்கும் , அமைப்புகள் குழப்பம் முறை உருவாக்கம் சிக்கலானது , காலநிலை மாற்றம் ,

Global warming helps invasive species flourish - study models likely combined effects on ecosystems


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Increased global temperatures help invasive species establish themselves in ecosystems, new research led by a Swansea University bioscientist has shown.
The study, published by the Royal Society, gives an insight into the probable combined effects of species invasions, which are becoming more common, and global warming.
Climate warming and biological invasions result in the loss of species. They also alter the structure of ecosystems and the ways in which species interact.
While there is already extensive research on how climate change and invasions affect species and ecosystems, we know surprisingly little about their combined effect, acting together in synergy. ....

United Kingdom , Kevin Sullivan , Miguel Lurgi , Research Excellence Framework , Royal Society , Centre National , Linstitut National De La Recherche Agronomique , Proceedings Of The Royal Society , College Of Science , Guardian University , Times Higher Education World University , Swansea University , Recherche Scientifique , Teaching Excellence Framework , Guardian University Guide , Excellence Framework , Times Higher Education , Climate Science , Ecology Environment , Algorithms Models , Systems Chaos Pattern Formation Complexity , Climate Change , ஒன்றுபட்டது கிஂக்டம் , கெவின் சல்லிவன் , மிகுவல் லுர்கி , ஆராய்ச்சி சிறப்பானது கட்டமைப்பு ,

Second COVID-19 wave in Europe less lethal than first wave

As Europe experienced its enormous second wave of the COVID-19 disease, researchers noticed the mortality rate was much lower than during the first wave. This inspired some to study and quantify the mortality rate on a country-by-country basis to determine how much the rate decreased. In Chaos, they introduce methods to study the progression of COVID-19 cases to deaths during the different waves; their methods involve applied mathematics, specifically nonlinear dynamics, and time series analysis. ....

New South Wales , United States , Max Menzies , Nick James , Peter Radchenko , Tsinghua University , University Of Sydney , Western European , Mathematics Statistics , Systems Chaos Pattern Formation Complexity , Medicine Health , Mortality Longevity , Infectious Emerging Diseases , புதியது தெற்கு வேல்ஸ் , ஒன்றுபட்டது மாநிலங்களில் , அதிகபட்சம் மென்ஸீஸ் , நிக் ஜேம்ஸ் , பல்கலைக்கழகம் ஆஃப் சிட்னி , மேற்கு ஐரோப்பிய , கணிதம் புள்ளிவிவரங்கள் , அமைப்புகள் குழப்பம் முறை உருவாக்கம் சிக்கலானது , மருந்து ஆரோக்கியம் , இறப்பு நீண்ட ஆயுள் , தொற்று வளர்ந்து வருகிறது நோய்கள் ,

Cutting-edge scale-out technology from Toshiba will take Fintech and Logistics to new level


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IMAGE: (a) Scale-out approach: improve computing performance by increasing the numbers of computing chips; (b) All-to-all connection type combinatorial optimization problems: all variables interact with each other.
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Credit: Toshiba Corporation
TOKYO - Toshiba Corporation (TOKYO: 6502), the industry leader in solutions for large-scale optimization problems, today announced a scale-out technology that minimizes hardware limitations, an evolution of its optimization computer, the Simulation Bifurcation Machine (SBM), that supports continued increases in computing speed and scale. Toshiba expects the new SBM to be a game changer for real-world problems that require large-scale, high-speed and low-latency, such as simultaneous financial transactions involving large numbers of stock, and complex control of multiple robots. The research results were published in ....

Kosuke Tatsumura , Toshiba Corporation , Nature Electronics , Simulation Bifurcation Machine , Chief Research Scientist , Corporate Research , Development Center , Scaling Out Ising , Science Advances , Field Programmable Logic , Complex Problems , Mathematics Statistics , Algorithms Models , Calculations Problem Solving , Systems Chaos Pattern Formation Complexity , Technology Engineering Computer Science , Computer Science , Electrical Engineering Electronics , Research Development , தோஷிபா நிறுவனம் , இயற்கை மின்னணுவியல் , தலைமை ஆராய்ச்சி விஞ்ஞானி , பெருநிறுவன ஆராய்ச்சி , வளர்ச்சி மையம் , அளவிடுதல் ஔட் நான் பாடுகிறேன் , சிக்கலான ப்ராப்லம்ஸ் ,

Optimal design for acoustic unobservability in water


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VIDEO: Square norm of sound pressure in water around a designed acoustic cloak during topology optimization.
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Credit: GARUDA FUJII, INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING, SHINSHU UNIVERSITY, JAPAN
Until now, it was only possible to optimize an acoustic cloaking structure for the air-environment. However, with this latest research, Acoustic cloak designed by topology optimization for acoustic-elastic coupled systems, published in the latest
Applied Physics Letters, it is possible to design an acoustic cloak for underwater environments.
In the conventional topology optimization of acoustic cloaking, the design method was based on an analysis that approximated an elastic body in the air as a rigid body. However, since the approximation holds only for materials that are sufficiently stiff and dense such as metal in the air, there were few material options other than metal. Moreover, it was impossible to design an acoustic cloak in water by t ....

Garuda Fujii , Shinshu University , Applied Physics Letters , Associate Professor Garuda Fujii , Algorithms Models , Systems Chaos Pattern Formation Complexity , Technology Engineering Computer Science , Computer Science , கருத புஜி , ஷீன்ஷு பல்கலைக்கழகம் , பயன்படுத்தப்பட்டது இயற்பியல் எழுத்துக்கள் , இணை ப்ரொஃபெஸர் கருத புஜி , அமைப்புகள் குழப்பம் முறை உருவாக்கம் சிக்கலானது , தொழில்நுட்பம் பொறியியல் கணினி அறிவியல் , கணினி அறிவியல் ,