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Activity flow underlying abnormalities in brain activations and cognition in schizophrenia


Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is a core feature of many brain disorders, including schizophrenia (SZ), and has been linked to aberrant brain activations. However, it is unclear how these activation abnormalities emerge. We propose that aberrant flow of brain activity across functional connectivity (FC) pathways leads to altered activations that produce cognitive dysfunction in SZ. We tested this hypothesis using activity flow mapping, an approach that models the movement of task-related activity between brain regions as a function of FC. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging data from SZ individuals and healthy controls during a working memory task, we found that activity flow models accurately predict aberrant cognitive activations across multiple brain networks. Within the same framework, we simulated a connectivity-based clinical intervention, predicting specific treatments that normalized brain activations and behavior in patients. Our results suggest that dysfuncti ....

United States , Los Angeles , Los Angeles County , New Jersey , Yale University , University Of California , Consortium For Neuropsychiatric Phenomics , Slovenian Research Agency , Australian Government National Health , Blackthorn Therapeutics Inc , Research Council Emerging Leader , Los Angeles County Department Of Mental Health , University Of New Jersey , Ahmanson Lovelace Brain Mapping Center Siemens , Staglin Center , Office Of Advanced Research Computing , Technology Advisory Board , Neuropsychiatric Phenomics , Human Connectome Project , Statistical Manual , Mental Disorders , Fourth Edition Text Revision , Structured Clinical Interview , Institutional Review Boards , Los Angeles County Department , Siemens Trio ,

Freeze! Executioner protein caught in the act


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IMAGE: A cell in yellow is shown dying by necroptosis, a process requiring the protein MLKL
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Credit: WEHI Australia
A new molecular freeze frame technique has allowed WEHI researchers to see key steps in how the protein MLKL kills cells.
Small proteins called monobodies were used to freeze MLKL at different stages as it moved from a dormant to an activated state, a key process that enables an inflammatory form of cell death called necroptosis. The team were able to map how the three-dimensional structure of MLKL changed, revealing potential target sites that might be targets for drugs - a potential new approach to blocking necroptosis as a treatment for inflammatory diseases. ....

Akiko Koide , Shohei Koide , Yanxiang Meng , James Murphy , Department Of Education , Engineering Postgraduate Research Award , Australian Institute Of Nuclear Science , Nature Communications , Melbourne Research Scholarship , Australian Government National Health , Australian Cancer Research Foundation , York University , Us National Institutes Of Health , Research Council , Associate Professor James Murphy , Assistant Professor Akiko Koide , Professor Shohei Koide , New York University , Professor Koide , Professor Murphy , Medical Research Council , Wendy Dowsett Scholarship , Australian Institute , Nuclear Science , Cell Biology , Medicine Health ,

$9.6M boost for international mother-baby iron supplements study


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Credit: WEHI, Australia
A Melbourne-led research consortium investigating the impact of iron treatments on maternal and newborn health in low-income countries has received two major grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation worth almost $US 9.6 million.
The funding, awarded in 2020, will support major clinical trials in Malawi, South Asia, Africa and Bangladesh, investigating whether intravenous iron treatment given to women in pregnancy improves the physical and psychological health of mothers, and the growth and brain development of their babies. The study will also address whether intravenous iron supplements impact mother-baby bonding and breastfeeding rates.
The project is led by WEHI researcher Associate Professor Sant-Rayn Pasricha, who also leads the Collaborating Centre for Anaemia Detection and Control at WEHI and is a haematologist at The Royal Melbourne Hospital. It also involves researchers from the University of Malawi College of Medi ....

South Australia , Sant Rayn Pasricha , Monash University School Of Public Health , Melinda Gates Foundation , Australian Government National Health , International Centre For Diarrhoeal Diseases Research , School Of Psychological Sciences , University Of Melbourne School Population , Global Health , University Of Malawi College Medicine , Doherty Institute , Centre For Anaemia Detection , Research Council , South Asia , Associate Professor Sant Rayn Pasricha , Collaborating Centre , Anaemia Detection , Royal Melbourne , Malawi College , International Centre , Diarrhoeal Diseases Research , Psychological Sciences , Monash University , Public Health , Associate Professor Pasricha , Australian Government ,