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Normal breathing sends saliva droplets 7 feet; masks shorten this


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VIDEO: Animation video of the instantaneous simulation results of saliva plume concentration contours (in volume fraction) during normal breathing shown on the sagittal plane without wearing a mask. Considering a threshold.
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Credit: Ali Khosronejad
WASHINGTON, June 9, 2021 The World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control recommend keeping a certain distance between people to prevent the spread of COVID-19. These social distancing recommendations are estimated from a variety of studies, but further research about the precise mechanism of virus transport from one person to another is still needed.
In
Physics of Fluids, by AIP Publishing, researchers from Stony Brook University, Harvard, ETH Zurich, and Hanyang University demonstrate normal breathing indoors without a mask can transport saliva droplets capable of carrying virus particles to a distance of 2.2 meters, or 7.2 feet, in a matter of 90 seconds. ....

United States , Fabian Wermelinger , Ali Khosronejad , Petros Koumoutsakos , Fotis Sotiropoulos , Seokkoo Kang , Centers For Disease , Stony Brook University , World Health Organization , Hanyang University , Disease Control , Chemistry Physics Materials Sciences , Medicine Health , Particle Physics , ஒன்றுபட்டது மாநிலங்களில் , மையங்கள் க்கு நோய் , ஸ்டோனி சிற்றாறு பல்கலைக்கழகம் , உலகம் ஆரோக்கியம் ஆர்கநைஸேஶந் , நோய் கட்டுப்பாடு ,

A quantum hack for microscopes can reveal the undiscovered details of life


You’ve probably seen images of scientists peering down a microscope, looking at objects invisible to the naked eye. Indeed, microscopes are indispensable to our understanding of life.
They are just as indispensable to biotechnology and medicine, for instance in our response to diseases such as COVID-19. However, the best light microscopes have hit a fundamental barrier – the bright laser light used to illuminate tiny objects can also destroy them.
In research published in Nature today, our team of Australian and German researchers has shown that quantum technologies offer a solution. We built a quantum microscope that can more gently probe biological samples, which allowed us to observe biological structures that would otherwise be impossible to see. ....

Aleksandr Kakinen , Albert Einstein , Warwick Bowen , Michael Taylor , Zacharias Janssen , Industrial Research Organisation , Commonwealth Scientific , Quantum Entanglement , Quantum Mechanics , ஆல்பர்ட் ஐன்ஸ்டீன் , வார்விக் குனி , மைக்கேல் டெய்லர் , தொழில்துறை ஆராய்ச்சி ஆர்கநைஸேஶந் , காமன்வெல்த் அறிவியல் ,

SNAPSHOT USA: First-ever nationwide mammal survey published


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Credit: Jesse Alston, University of Wyoming
[RALEIGH, N.C.] - How are the squirrels doing this year? The bears? The armadillos? How would you know? A new paper published June 8 sets up the framework for answering these questions across the United States by releasing the data from the first national mammal survey made up of 1,509 motion-activated camera traps from 110 sites located across all 50 states.
Unlike birds, which have multiple large-scale monitoring programs, there has been no standard way to monitor mammal populations at a national scale. To address this challenge, scientists from the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences and the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute recently collaborated with more than 150 scientists on the first-ever nationwide wildlife survey, called Snapshot USA. Our goal was to provide a space for researchers from all 50 states to contribute a subset of their data to a broader initiative to maximize our coverage of the ....

Burke County , North Carolina , United States , Moore County , Haywood County , Pender County , North Carolina State University , Smithsonian Institution , District Of Columbia , Alamance County , Craven County , Dare County , Renee Klann , Claire Bresnan , Taylor Frerichs , Helen Bontrager , Michaelv Cove , William Mcshea , Roland Kays , Monica Lasky , Department Of Forestry , Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute , Museum Curator Of Mammalogy Michael Cove , Carolina Museum Of Natural Sciences , Nc State University , Carolina State University ,

For early amphibians, a new lifestyle meant a new spine


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Vertebrate life began in the water, but around 340-360 million years ago, four-limbed creatures, or tetrapods, made the transition onto land. In the years that followed, some species adapted to terrestrial life, while others turned back to the water and readapted to an aquatic lifestyle.
A new study of these early amphibians, published in the journal
PLOS ONE and led by Penn paleontologist Aja Carter, suggests that these environmental shifts left an impression on the shape of the animals spines.
I m interested in how the shapes of the vertebrae affect how animals move, she says. Our findings suggest that, in at least one part of the vertebrae, the shape of the bones correlated with the environment in which the animals were living. Those associations, Carter says, may be a result of the different physical demands of living on land versus in the water. ....

Penn Lauren Sallan , Peter Dodson , Jaja Carter , School Of Engineering , School Of Arts Sciences , Temple Universitys Tonia Hsieh , University Of Pennsylvania School Engineering , Penn Department Of Earth , Environmental Science , Penn Engineering , Vice Provost Postdoctoral Fellow , Academic Diversity , Pennsylvania School , Temple University , Lauren Sallan , Earth Science , பீட்டர் டாட்சன் , அஜா கார்ட்டர் , பள்ளி ஆஃப் பொறியியல் , பள்ளி ஆஃப் கலைகள் அறிவியல் , பல்கலைக்கழகம் ஆஃப் பென்சில்வேனியா பள்ளி பொறியியல் , பென் துறை ஆஃப் பூமி , சுற்றுச்சூழல் அறிவியல் , பென் பொறியியல் , பென்சில்வேனியா பள்ளி , கோயில் பல்கலைக்கழகம் ,