25 but lower than 86.1% in Little Rock, Arkansas,
14 90% in alcoholic women in Michigan, USA,
20 58.1% in Ethiopia among psychiatric patients who use substance.
23 For this discrepancy, factors like social sensitivity for substance use, cultural pattern for substance use, methodological differences and socio-cultural factors might be responsible.
Joblessness (AOR = 4.92, 95% CI = 3.19, 7.60) and lower wealth (AOR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.09, 2.65) had a significant association with perceived stigma. As WHO report points out that the economic crises had a negative mental health outcomes
3 and substance use interferes with the effectiveness of once work, reduce the potential of productivity and can be contributed for perceived stigma among problematic substance users. Spending time without any job and without contribution to the families and the society at large has a negative psychological impact among problematic substance users.