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How tuberculosis reshaped our immune systems

The earliest evidence of TB comes from skeletons buried in the Middle East 9000 years ago, soon after the invention of agriculture. But the variant that kills humans today Mycobacterium tuberculosis emerged 2000 years ago, when people lived in denser settlements alongside domesticated animals, often reservoirs for TB.
Two years ago, University of Paris graduate student Gaspard Kerner discovered people were at much higher risk of getting severely ill when infected with TB if they inherited two copies of a rare variant of the immune gene TKY2, called P1104A. He realized that by tracing the frequency of that variant in 1013 European genomes from the past 10,000 years, he had a “golden” tool to detect how the immune gene coevolved with TB, says Quintana-Murci, who hired Gaspard as a postdoc at the Pasteur Institute. ....

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Tuberculosis Influenced the Human Genome | Genetics And Genomics

Tuberculosis Influenced the Human Genome
Throughout human history, our species has come into contact with both harmless and infectious microbes that have changed us, like gut bacteria and retroviruses. But more recent infectious disease outbreaks have also left their mark on human biology. New research reported in the
American Journal of Human Genetics has suggested that tuberculosis (TB) has had a variety of influences on human biology, including the genome.
Present-day humans are the descendants of those who have survived many things: climate changes and big epidemics, including the Black Death, Spanish flu, and tuberculosis, noted senior study author Lluis Quintana-Murci of the Institut Pasteur in France. This work uses population genetics to dissect how natural selection has acted on our genomes. ....

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Ancient DNA Provides Insights on How Tuberculosis Shaped the Human Immune System

Ancient DNA Provides Insights on How Tuberculosis Shaped the Human Immune System
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Ancient DNA reveals clues about how tuberculosis shaped the human immune system

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COVID-19 is only the latest infectious disease to have had an outsized impact on human life. A new study employing ancient human DNA reveals how tuberculosis has affected European populations over the past 2,000 years, specifically the impact that disease has had on the human genome. This work, which publishes March 4 in the
American Journal of Human Genetics, has implications for studying not only evolutionary genetics, but also how genetics can influence the immune system.
Present-day humans are the descendants of those who have survived many things climate changes and big epidemics, including the Black Death, Spanish flu, and tuberculosis, says senior author Lluis Quintana-Murci of the Institut Pasteur in France. This work uses population genetics to dissect how natural selection has acted on our genomes. ....

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People of European descent evolved resistance to TB over 10,000 years

Phanie/Alamy
Ancient DNA reveals that people of European ancestry have lost a gene variant linked to tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility over centuries.
TB is one of the world’s deadliest diseases and is caused by the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium. People whose DNA contains two copies of a genetic variant called P1104A are more likely to develop symptoms of TB after being infected with the bacterium.
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To trace the frequency of P1104A over time, Gaspard Kerner at the Pasteur Institute in France and his team analysed modern human DNA from around the world and compared it with more than 1000 samples of ancient DNA from Europeans from the past 10,000 years. ....

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