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Development programs can promote growth while also reducing brain drain in low-income countries


Silhouette of people with luggage walking in a row. Andrey Popov/Shutterstock.com
Globalization has facilitated physical mobility, enabling international migration to increase from 92 million in 1960 to 244 million in 2017. Traditionally, rising migration flows have been attributed to a lack of economic development in origin countries. Would-be migrants, the argument goes, decide to move primarily in search of higher wages and income abroad.
A competing hypothesis on the migration-development relation
The “migration transition hypothesis,” first set forth by Wilbur Zelinsky in his seminal paper on the subject (1971), provided a more nuanced picture. Out-migration (emigration) first increases with development in a country until a certain turning point, after which it gradually recedes. Several scholars found empirical evidence for this, using mainly cross-sectional data (De Haas, 2010; Clemens, 2014; Dao et al., 2018). This suggests that in low-income countries eco ....

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Online Edition - Summer Course on Migration and Human Rights


Overview
International migration is a growing phenomenon involving the international community as a whole and engaging Member States in the protection of human rights. Analyzing migration as a crosscutting topic and understanding the challenges faced both by migrants and Member States is crucial for the development and implementation of national policies compliant with international human rights standards. According to the International Migrant Stock 2019, a dataset released by the Population Division of the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), international migrants globally reached an estimated 272 million in 2019, an increase of 51 million since 2010.
Although there are numerous international legal instruments in place to ensure the protection of the human rights of migrants and refugees, violations of these rights widely occur. Indeed, despite the significant benefits of migration, migrants remain among the most vulnerable members of society and are exp ....

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International Migration 2020 Highlights [EN/RU/ZH] - World


International Migration 2020 Highlights [EN/RU/ZH]
Format
Executive summary
In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic affected drastically all forms of human mobility, including international migration. Around the globe, the closing of national borders and severe disruptions to international travel obliged hundreds of thousands of people to cancel or delay plans of moving abroad. Hundreds of thousands of migrants were stranded, unable to return to their countries, while others were forced to return to their home countries earlier than planned, when job opportunities dried up and schools closed. While it is too soon to understand the full extent of the impact of the pandemic on migration trends, the present Highlights indicate that the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic may have reduced the number of international migrants by around 2 million globally by mid-2020, corresponding to a decrease of around 27 per cent in the growth expected from July 2019 to June 2020. ....

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