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How cells 'eat' their own fluid components


Published: January 21, 2021
Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process by which cells capture and degrade their own dysfunctional or superfluous components for degradation and recycling. Recent research has revealed that phase separated droplets have a range of important functions in cells. An international collaboration between German, Norwegian, and Japanese researchers has unravelled the mechanisms underpinning both how these droplets are captured through autophagy, as well as how droplets can serve as a platform from which structures facilitating cytosolic autophagy arise.
Autophagy eats portions of liquid droplets in cells
A liquid droplet made of phase-separated proteins (magenta) can associate with autophagy membranes (green). In this paper, it was shown that the droplet-membrane interaction depends on wetting and is defined by the surface tension of the droplet. As autophagy membranes expand on the droplet surface, droplets of sufficiently low surface tensio ....

United States , United Kingdom , Haruka Chino , Andreas Brech , Rolandl Knorr , Ikuko Koyama Honda , Noboru Mizushima , Roland Knorr , Chieko Saito , Simonam Migliano , Harald Stenmark , Yoshinori Ohsumi , Sebastianw Schultz , Jaime Agudo Canalejo , Institute Of Clinical Medicine , Institute For Cancer Research , Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative , Institute Of Innovate Research At Tokyo Tech , Oslo University Hospital , University Park , University Of Oxford , Institute Of Innovative Research , Pennsylvania State University , Max Planck Institute For Dynamics , Centre For Cancer Cell , Tokyo Institute Of Technology ,

Study sheds new light on immune system interactions with cancer


Study sheds new light on immune system interactions with cancer
Cancers like melanoma are hard to treat, not least because they have a varied bag of tricks for defeating or evading treatments.
A combined research effort by scientists at the Weizmann Institute of Science and researchers in the Netherlands Cancer Institute in Amsterdam and the University of Oslo, Norway, shows exactly how tumors, in their battles to survive, will go so far as to starve themselves in order to keep the immune cells that would eradicate them from functioning.
The immunotherapies currently administered for melanomas work by removing obstacles that keep immune cells called T cells from identifying and killing tumor cells. Recent research suggested that in melanoma, another blocker could assist the T cells - this one to stop an enzyme called IDO1 that is overproduced by the cancer cells. ....

Noord Holland , Reuven Agami , Osnat Bartok , Yishai Levin , Yardena Samuels , Johanna Olweus , Emily Henderson , Weizmann Molecular Cell Biology Department , Weizmann Institute Molecular Genetics Department , Weizmann Institute Of Science , Department Of Molecular Cell Biology , Netherlands Cancer Institute , University Of Oslo , Stephen Grand Israel National Center , Weizmann Institute , Molecular Cell Biology Department , Noam Stern Ginossar , Molecular Genetics Department , Personalized Medicine , Molecular Cell Biology , நூற்த் ஹாலண்ட் , ஓஸ்நத் பார்டோக் , எமிலி ஹென்டர்சன் , வெய்ஸ்மேன் மூலக்கூறு செல் உயிரியல் துறை , வெய்ஸ்மேன் நிறுவனம் மூலக்கூறு ஜெநெடிக்ஸ் துறை , வெய்ஸ்மேன் நிறுவனம் ஆஃப் அறிவியல் ,

Study shows how melanomas assist T cells from identifying and killing tumor cells


Study shows how melanomas assist T cells from identifying and killing tumor cells
Cancers like melanoma are hard to treat, not least because they have a varied bag of tricks for defeating or evading treatments.
Now, a combined research effort by the Weizmann Institute of Science, the Netherlands Cancer Institute in Amsterdam, and the University of Oslo shows exactly how tumors, in their fight to survive, will go so far as to starve themselves in order to keep the immune cells that would eradicate them from functioning. The work was published in
Nature.
The immunotherapies currently administered for melanomas work by removing obstacles that keep immune cells called T cells from identifying and killing tumor cells. Recent research suggested that, in melanoma, another blocker – one that stops IDO1, an enzyme that is overproduced by cancer cells – could also assist the T cells. ....

Noord Holland , Reuven Agami , Yishai Levin , Yardena Samuels , Johanna Olweus , Emily Henderson , Department Of Molecular Genetics , Weizmann Institute Of Science , Department Of Molecular Cell Biology , Weizmann Institute , Netherlands Cancer Institute , University Of Oslo , Stephen Grand Israel National Center , Molecular Cell Biology , Noam Stern Ginossar , Molecular Genetics , Personalized Medicine , நூற்த் ஹாலண்ட் , எமிலி ஹென்டர்சன் , துறை ஆஃப் மூலக்கூறு ஜெநெடிக்ஸ் , வெய்ஸ்மேன் நிறுவனம் ஆஃப் அறிவியல் , துறை ஆஃப் மூலக்கூறு செல் உயிரியல் , வெய்ஸ்மேன் நிறுவனம் , நெதர்லாந்து புற்றுநோய் நிறுவனம் , பல்கலைக்கழகம் ஆஃப் ஒசிலோ , ஸ்டீபன் மாபெரும் இஸ்ரேல் தேசிய மையம் ,