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Misperceived quality: Fertiliser in Tanzania

Abstract
Fertilizer use remains below recommended rates in most of Sub-Saharan Africa, contributing to low crop yields and poverty. We explore the role of fertilizer quality. We interviewed fertilizer sellers in an important agricultural region in Tanzania and sampled their fertilizer to establish that the nutrient content of fertilizers is good, meeting industry standards. However, we find farmers’ beliefs to be inconsistent with this reality. Beliefs about adulteration push down farmer willingness-to-pay for fertilizer; with farmers willing to pay more if quality is verified. In addition, we find some evidence of a quality inference problem: many fertilizers have degraded appearance, and farmers appear to rely on these observable attributes to (incorrectly) assess unobservable nutrient content. Market prices reflect neither nutrient content nor degradation in appearance, even in competitive markets. Our results suggest the existence of an equilibrium where farmer beliefs a ....

Victor Manyong , Brenna Ellison , Annemie Maertens , Anna Fairbairn , Enterprise Development In Low Income Countries , Journal Of Development Economics , Sub Saharan Africa , Private Enterprise Development , Low Income Countries , Development Economics , ப்ரென்னா எலிசன் , அண்ணா ஃபேர்‌பேர்ந் , நிறுவன வளர்ச்சி இல் குறைந்த வருமானம் நாடுகள் , இதழ் ஆஃப் வளர்ச்சி பொருளாதாரம் , ப்ரைவேட் நிறுவன வளர்ச்சி , குறைந்த வருமானம் நாடுகள் , வளர்ச்சி பொருளாதாரம் ,

A new Market Information System may mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on farm-gate prices for cashew producers in Guinea-Bissau

Abstract
The economy of Guinea-Bissau, highly dependent on the export of cashew nuts, is being severely hit by ruptures in the world supply chains resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. The associated drop in raw cashew prices will increase poverty and food insecurity, potentially further aggravated by reduced investment capital for the subsequent agricultural season. Our introduction of the n’kalô service, a market information system, provides smallholders with weekly voice messages transmitting the most recent market updates and price tendencies. This provides cashew producers with important guidance in such uncertain times. The strong socio-economic impact of the crisis should incentivize the country’s transition towards economic diversification and in-country cashew processing. ....

Guinea Bissau , Enterprise Development In Low Income Countries , Private Enterprise Development , Low Income Countries , Sebastian Sch , Giulio Schinaia , Market Information System , கினியா பிசாவு , நிறுவன வளர்ச்சி இல் குறைந்த வருமானம் நாடுகள் , ப்ரைவேட் நிறுவன வளர்ச்சி , குறைந்த வருமானம் நாடுகள் , செபாஸ்டியன் ஸ்ச் , சந்தை தகவல் அமைப்பு ,

The Impacts of Industrial and Entrepreneurial Work on Income and Health: Experimental Evidence from Ethiopia

Abstract
Working with 5 Ethiopian firms, we randomized applicants to an industrial job offer, an “entrepreneurship” program of $300 plus business training, or control status. Industrial jobs offered more and steadier hours but low wages and risky conditions. The job offer doubled exposure to industrial work but, since most quit within months, had no impact on employment or income after a year. Applicants largely took industrial work to cope with adverse shocks. This exposure, meanwhile, significantly increased health problems. The entrepreneurship program raised earnings 33 percent and provided steadier hours. When barriers to self-employment were relieved, applicants preferred entrepreneurial to industrial labor.
This work is part of the Private Enterprise Development in Low Income Countries (PEDL) programme ....

United States , Enterprise Development In Low Income Countries , Private Enterprise Development , Low Income Countries , Entrepreneurial Work , Experimental Evidence , American Economic Journal , Applied Economics , ஒன்றுபட்டது மாநிலங்களில் , நிறுவன வளர்ச்சி இல் குறைந்த வருமானம் நாடுகள் , ப்ரைவேட் நிறுவன வளர்ச்சி , குறைந்த வருமானம் நாடுகள் , தொழில் முனைவோர் வேலை , சோதனை ஆதாரம் , அமெரிக்கன் பொருளாதார இதழ் , பயன்படுத்தப்பட்டது பொருளாதாரம் ,

Exerting Market Power: Competition Among Agricultural Traders in Kenya

This research note describes experimental evidence from Kenya on intermediary market structure ....

Bergquist Falcao , Enterprise Development In Low Income Countries , Private Enterprise Development , Low Income Countries , Market Power , Competition Among Agricultural Traders , பியர்க்க்விஸ்ட் பல்கோ , நிறுவன வளர்ச்சி இல் குறைந்த வருமானம் நாடுகள் , ப்ரைவேட் நிறுவன வளர்ச்சி , குறைந்த வருமானம் நாடுகள் , சந்தை பவர் ,

Management Traits as Embodied Human Capital: A Randomised Field Experiment in Ethiopia

Abstract
What is the effect of exposing motivated youth to firm management in practice? To answer this question, we place young professionals for one month in established firms to shadow middle managers. Using random assignment into program participation, we find positive average effects on wage employment, but no average effect on the likelihood of self-employment. Simulating counterfactual mechanisms to assign interns to firms, we find that some assignment mechanisms substantially outperform random matching in generating employment and income effects.
This work is part of the Private Enterprise Development in Low Income Countries (PEDL) programme
Citation
Abebe, G., Fafchamps, M., Koelle, M., Quinn, S. “Management Traits as Embodied Human Capital: A Randomised Field Experiment in Ethiopia” PEDL Research Note ....

Enterprise Development In Low Income Countries , Private Enterprise Development , Low Income Countries , Embodied Human Capital , Randomised Field Experiment , நிறுவன வளர்ச்சி இல் குறைந்த வருமானம் நாடுகள் , ப்ரைவேட் நிறுவன வளர்ச்சி , குறைந்த வருமானம் நாடுகள் , பொதிந்துள்ளது மனிதன் மூலதனம் ,