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Sorely Needed Dengue Vaccine Gets a Boost from Immune Profiling


Sorely Needed Dengue Vaccine Gets a Boost from Immune Profiling
Source: Pixabay
May 26, 2021
A new study in the journal
Nature Communications compares changes in gene expression in immune cells in humans before, during, and after infection with a partially weakened Dengue virus (rDEN2Δ30, ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02021968). Live, weakened or “attenuated” viruses are the basis for the most effective and durable vaccines against many viral diseases.
The study finds that while the expression of some inflammatory genes, such as genes for type I interferon and viral restriction pathways, increases when the virus is present in blood and returns to baseline upon virus clearance, the expression of other genes that code for immune regulatory factors, in immune cells such as antibody-producing cells, remain at elevated levels even when the virus is no longer in the patient’s bloodstream. ....

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Dengue immune function discovery could benefit much-needed vaccine development


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Despite a daunting more than 130 million cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections to date worldwide, another global pathogen - the Aedes mosquito-borne dengue virus - saw a record number of over 400 million cases in 2019. But vaccine development has been challenging due to the need to protect equally against all four dengue strains. The discovery of new possible biomarkers to predict clinical and immune responses to dengue virus infection, published today in
Nature Communication, could be critical to informing future vaccines.
As with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the effects of dengue virus infection can range from asymptomatic to severe disease that can be fatal. Climate change has expanded the viruses geographic distribution far beyond tropical areas like Southeast Asia and Latin America to the southern U.S. and Europe. Only one vaccine, Dengvaxia, has been approved for a subset of at-risk individuals in endemic areas. ....

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