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Modifying Alpha Cells into Beta Cells Helps Treat Diabetes

Modifying Alpha Cells into Beta Cells Helps Treat Diabetes
by Angela Mohan on
March 2, 2021 at 12:29 PM
PNAS.
More than 34 million Americans have diabetes, a disease characterized by a loss of beta cells in the pancreas. Beta cells produce insulin, a hormone necessary for cells to absorb and use glucose, a type of sugar that circulates in the blood and serves as cellular fuel.
In Type 2 diabetes, the body s tissues develop insulin resistance, prompting beta cells to die from exhaustion from secreting excess insulin to allow cells to take in glucose.
In Type 1 diabetes, which affects about 10 percent of the diabetic population, beta cells die from an autoimmune attack. Both kinds of diabetes lead to severely elevated blood sugar levels that eventually cause a host of possible complications, including loss of limbs and eyesight, kidney damage, diabetic coma, and death. ....

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Swapping alpha cells for beta cells to treat diabetes

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IMAGE: At left is a healthy islet with many insulin-producing cells (green) and few glucagon-producing cells (red). At right, this situation is altered in a diabetic islet with a heavy preponderance.
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Credit: UT Southwestern Medical Center
Blocking cell receptors for glucagon, the counter-hormone to insulin, cured mouse models of diabetes by converting glucagon-producing cells into insulin producers instead, a team led by UT Southwestern reports in a new study. The findings, published online in
PNAS, could offer a new way to treat both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in people.
More than 34 million Americans have diabetes, a disease characterized by a loss of beta cells in the pancreas. Beta cells produce insulin, a hormone necessary for cells to absorb and use glucose, a type of sugar that circulates in the blood and serves as cellular fuel. ....

United States , Derekc Leonard , Shangang Zhao , Eli Lilly , Williaml Holland , Young Lee , Rogerh Unger , Jyun Wang , Shiuhwei Chen , Ezekiel Quittner Strom , Philippe Scherer , Xinxin Yu , Yiyi Zhang , Zhuzhen Zhang , National Institute Of Diabetes , Kidney Human Islet Research Network , National Institutes Of Health , University Of Utah , Diabetes Research , Touchstone Center , Diabetes Research Foundation , Department Of Veterans Affairs , Touchstone Diabetes Center , May Yun Wang , Distinguished Chair , West Distinguished Chair ,

Two studies shed light on how, where body can add new fat cells

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IMAGE: An image showing a blood vessel in fat tissue, surrounded by fat progenitor cells (in green).
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Credit: UT Southwestern Medical Center
DALLAS - Feb. 3, 2021 - Gaining more fat cells is probably not what most people want, although that might be exactly what they need to fight off diabetes and other diseases. How and where the body can add fat cells has remained a mystery - but two new studies from UT Southwestern provide answers on the way this process works.
The studies, both published online today in
Cell Stem Cell, describe two different processes that affect the generation of new fat cells. One reports how fat cell creation is impacted by the level of activity in tiny organelles inside cells called mitochondria. The other outlines a process that prevents new fat cells from developing in one fat storage area in mice - the area that correlates with the healthy subcutaneous fat just under the skin in humans. (Both studies ....

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