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The People Behind Astronomical Plates and Notebooks: Project PHaEDRA and the Harvard College Observatory Computers


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Posted on May 16, 2021
Telescopes are the most recognizable tool in the astronomer’s toolkit, but equally important are the tools for recording astronomical data. In the 19th century, they included glass photographic plates, which captured snapshots of the night sky through the telescope, and notebooks for recording observations and measurements from the plates.
The 24-inch Bruce Doublet telescope installed in Arequipa, Peru. (Courtesy of Harvard College Observatory)
 
Left: Glass plate photograph taken in Arequipa in 1925. (Courtesy of Harvard). Right: Cover of Annie Jump Cannon’s notebook featuring ‘Observations in Arequipa.’ (Courtesy of Harvard (Image ID: phaedra2228))
Beginning in 1885, the Harvard College Observatory (now part of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics) began an ambitious project to survey the entire night sky. Astronomers at Harvard’s central observatory in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and its new obs ....

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Scientists sketch aged star system using over a century of observations


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IMAGE: U Mon s primary star, an elderly yellow supergiant, has around twice the Sun s mass but has billowed to 100 times the Sun s size. Scientists know less about the companion, the.
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Credit: Credit: NASA s Goddard Space Flight Center/Chris Smith (USRA/GESTAR)
Astronomers have painted their best picture yet of an RV Tauri variable, a rare type of stellar binary where two stars - one approaching the end of its life - orbit within a sprawling disk of dust. Their 130-year dataset spans the widest range of light yet collected for one of these systems, from radio to X-rays. ....

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Astronomers document the rise and fall of a rarely observed stellar dance


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The sun is the only star in our system. But many of the points of light in our night sky are not as lonely. By some estimates, more than three-quarters of all stars exist as binaries with one companion or in even more complex relationships. Stars in close quarters can have dramatic impacts on their neighbors. They can strip material from one another, merge or twist each other’s movements through the cosmos.
And sometimes those changes unfold over the course of a few generations.
That is what a team of astronomers from the University of Washington, Western Washington University and the University of California, Irvine discovered when they analyzed more than 125 years of astronomical observations of a nearby stellar binary called HS Hydrae. This system is what’s known as an eclipsing binary: From Earth, the two stars appear to pass over one another or eclipse one another as they orbit a shared center of gravity. The eclipses cause the amount of light ....

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