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Purpose: The deposition of hydroxyapatite (HAp) crystals plays an important role in the development of vascular calcification (VC). This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of nanosized HAp (nHAp) on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and VC progression.
Methods: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine cellular uptake of nHAp. Cell viability was determined using CCK-8 assay kit. Mitochondrial impairment and reactive oxygen species were detected by TEM and fluorescence dye staining, respectively. Cell apoptosis was detected by Western blot analysis and Annexin V staining. Mouse model of VC was built via applying nHAp on the surface of abdominal aorta. Calcification was visualized by Alizarin red and von Kossa staining. ....

Minato Ku , United States , United Kingdom , Hexadecyl Pyridinium , Annexinv Annexin , Laboratory Animals , United States National Institutes Of Health , Program Graph , Second Affiliated Hospital Of Zhejiang University , Alizarin Red Solarbio Life Sciences , Slac Laboratory Animal , Ethics Review Committee , Aladdin Biochemical Technology Company Shanghai , Care Committee Of Zhejiang University , Cell Signaling Technology , Kit Solarbio Life Sciences , Modified Eagle , Aladdin Biochemical Technology Company , Cell Counting , Beyotime Biotechnology , Reactive Oxygen Species , Electron Microscopy , Hitachi Model , Mitochondrial Membrane Potential , Alkaline Phosphatase , San Jose ,